view blastem.c @ 921:2be771c4dfbd

After reviewing the results of my test ROM again it seems pretty clear that the VBlank flag gets set at the same time as the vcounter changes
author Michael Pavone <pavone@retrodev.com>
date Tue, 26 Jan 2016 19:23:10 -0800
parents 2e465934bddc
children 8bd82aead087
line wrap: on
line source

/*
 Copyright 2013 Michael Pavone
 This file is part of BlastEm.
 BlastEm is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or greater. See COPYING for full license text.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "68kinst.h"
#include "m68k_core.h"
#include "z80_to_x86.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "vdp.h"
#include "render.h"
#include "blastem.h"
#include "gdb_remote.h"
#include "gst.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "romdb.h"
#include "terminal.h"
#include "arena.h"

#define BLASTEM_VERSION "0.3.X"

#define MCLKS_NTSC 53693175
#define MCLKS_PAL  53203395

#define MCLKS_PER_68K 7
#define MCLKS_PER_YM  MCLKS_PER_68K
#define MCLKS_PER_Z80 15
#define MCLKS_PER_PSG (MCLKS_PER_Z80*16)
#define DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL MCLKS_LINE

//TODO: Figure out the exact value for this
#define LINES_NTSC 262
#define LINES_PAL 312

#define MAX_SOUND_CYCLES 100000

#ifdef __ANDROID__
#define FULLSCREEN_DEFAULT 1
#else
#define FULLSCREEN_DEFAULT 0
#endif

uint16_t *cart;
uint16_t *ram;
uint8_t z80_ram[Z80_RAM_BYTES];

int headless = 0;
int exit_after = 0;
int z80_enabled = 1;
int frame_limit = 0;

tern_node * config;

#ifndef MIN
#define MIN(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#endif

#define SMD_HEADER_SIZE 512
#define SMD_MAGIC1 0x03
#define SMD_MAGIC2 0xAA
#define SMD_MAGIC3 0xBB
#define SMD_BLOCK_SIZE 0x4000

int load_smd_rom(long filesize, FILE * f)
{
	uint8_t block[SMD_BLOCK_SIZE];
	filesize -= SMD_HEADER_SIZE;
	fseek(f, SMD_HEADER_SIZE, SEEK_SET);

	uint16_t * dst = cart;
	int rom_size = filesize;
	while (filesize > 0) {
		fread(block, 1, SMD_BLOCK_SIZE, f);
		for (uint8_t *low = block, *high = (block+SMD_BLOCK_SIZE/2), *end = block+SMD_BLOCK_SIZE; high < end; high++, low++) {
			*(dst++) = *low << 8 | *high;
		}
		filesize -= SMD_BLOCK_SIZE;
	}
	return filesize;
}

void byteswap_rom(int filesize)
{
	for(unsigned short * cur = cart; cur - cart < filesize/2; ++cur)
	{
		*cur = (*cur >> 8) | (*cur << 8);
	}
}

int load_rom(char * filename)
{
	uint8_t header[10];
	FILE * f = fopen(filename, "rb");
	if (!f) {
		return 0;
	}
	if (sizeof(header) != fread(header, 1, sizeof(header), f)) {
		fatal_error("Error reading from %s\n", filename);
	}
	fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
	long filesize = ftell(f);
	fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
	if (header[1] == SMD_MAGIC1 && header[8] == SMD_MAGIC2 && header[9] == SMD_MAGIC3) {
		int i;
		for (i = 3; i < 8; i++) {
			if (header[i] != 0) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (i == 8) {
			if (header[2]) {
				fatal_error("%s is a split SMD ROM which is not currently supported", filename);
			}
			return load_smd_rom(filesize, f);
		}
	}
	cart = malloc(nearest_pow2(filesize));
	if (filesize != fread(cart, 1, filesize, f)) {
		fatal_error("Error reading from %s\n", filename);
	}
	fclose(f);
	return filesize;
}

uint16_t read_dma_value(uint32_t address)
{
	//addresses here are word addresses (i.e. bit 0 corresponds to A1), so no need to do div by 2
	if (address < 0x200000) {
		return cart[address];
	} else if(address >= 0x700000) {
		return ram[address & 0x7FFF];
	} else {
		uint16_t *ptr = get_native_pointer(address*2, (void **)genesis->m68k->mem_pointers, &genesis->m68k->options->gen);
		if (ptr) {
			return *ptr;
		}
	}
	//TODO: Figure out what happens when you try to DMA from weird adresses like IO or banked Z80 area
	return 0;
}

void adjust_int_cycle(m68k_context * context, vdp_context * v_context)
{
	//static int old_int_cycle = CYCLE_NEVER;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (context->sync_cycle - context->current_cycle > gen->max_cycles) {
		context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle + gen->max_cycles;
	}
	context->int_cycle = CYCLE_NEVER;
	if ((context->status & 0x7) < 6) {
		uint32_t next_vint = vdp_next_vint(v_context);
		if (next_vint != CYCLE_NEVER) {
			context->int_cycle = next_vint;
			context->int_num = 6;
		}
		if ((context->status & 0x7) < 4) {
			uint32_t next_hint = vdp_next_hint(v_context);
			if (next_hint != CYCLE_NEVER) {
				if (next_hint < context->int_cycle) {
					context->int_cycle = next_hint;
					context->int_num = 4;

				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (context->int_cycle > context->current_cycle) {
		context->int_pending = 0;
	}
	/*if (context->int_cycle != old_int_cycle) {
		printf("int cycle changed to: %d, level: %d @ %d(%d), frame: %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d, mask: %d, hint_counter: %d\n", context->int_cycle, context->int_num, v_context->cycles, context->current_cycle, v_context->frame, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot, context->status & 0x7, v_context->hint_counter);
		old_int_cycle = context->int_cycle;
	}*/

	context->target_cycle = context->int_cycle < context->sync_cycle ? context->int_cycle : context->sync_cycle;
	if (context->should_return) {
		context->target_cycle = context->current_cycle;
	} else if (context->target_cycle < context->current_cycle) {
		//Changes to SR can result in an interrupt cycle that's in the past
		//This can cause issues with the implementation of STOP though
		context->target_cycle = context->current_cycle;
	}
	/*printf("Cyc: %d, Trgt: %d, Int Cyc: %d, Int: %d, Mask: %X, V: %d, H: %d, HICount: %d, HReg: %d, Line: %d\n",
		context->current_cycle, context->target_cycle, context->int_cycle, context->int_num, (context->status & 0x7),
		v_context->regs[REG_MODE_2] & 0x20, v_context->regs[REG_MODE_1] & 0x10, v_context->hint_counter, v_context->regs[REG_HINT], v_context->cycles / MCLKS_LINE);*/
}

int break_on_sync = 0;
int save_state = 0;

//#define DO_DEBUG_PRINT
#ifdef DO_DEBUG_PRINT
#define dprintf printf
#define dputs puts
#else
#define dprintf
#define dputs
#endif

#define Z80_VINT_DURATION 128

void z80_next_int_pulse(z80_context * z_context)
{
		genesis_context * gen = z_context->system;
	z_context->int_pulse_start = vdp_next_vint_z80(gen->vdp);
	z_context->int_pulse_end = z_context->int_pulse_start + Z80_VINT_DURATION * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
			}

void sync_z80(z80_context * z_context, uint32_t mclks)
{
#ifndef NO_Z80
	if (z80_enabled) {
		z80_run(z_context, mclks);
	} else
#endif
	{
		z_context->current_cycle = mclks;
	}
}

void sync_sound(genesis_context * gen, uint32_t target)
{
	//printf("YM | Cycle: %d, bpos: %d, PSG | Cycle: %d, bpos: %d\n", gen->ym->current_cycle, gen->ym->buffer_pos, gen->psg->cycles, gen->psg->buffer_pos * 2);
	while (target > gen->psg->cycles && target - gen->psg->cycles > MAX_SOUND_CYCLES) {
		uint32_t cur_target = gen->psg->cycles + MAX_SOUND_CYCLES;
		//printf("Running PSG to cycle %d\n", cur_target);
		psg_run(gen->psg, cur_target);
		//printf("Running YM-2612 to cycle %d\n", cur_target);
		ym_run(gen->ym, cur_target);
	}
	psg_run(gen->psg, target);
	ym_run(gen->ym, target);

	//printf("Target: %d, YM bufferpos: %d, PSG bufferpos: %d\n", target, gen->ym->buffer_pos, gen->psg->buffer_pos * 2);
}

#define REFRESH_INTERVAL 130
#define REFRESH_DELAY 2
uint32_t last_frame_num;
uint32_t last_sync_cycle;
uint32_t refresh_counter;
m68k_context * sync_components(m68k_context * context, uint32_t address)
{
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	vdp_context * v_context = gen->vdp;
	z80_context * z_context = gen->z80;
	//lame estimation of refresh cycle delay
	if (!gen->bus_busy) {
		refresh_counter += context->current_cycle - last_sync_cycle;
		context->current_cycle += REFRESH_DELAY * MCLKS_PER_68K * (refresh_counter / (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL));
		refresh_counter = refresh_counter % (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
	}

	uint32_t mclks = context->current_cycle;
	sync_z80(z_context, mclks);
	sync_sound(gen, mclks);
	vdp_run_context(v_context, mclks);
	if (v_context->frame != last_frame_num) {
		//printf("reached frame end %d | MCLK Cycles: %d, Target: %d, VDP cycles: %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", last_frame_num, mclks, gen->frame_end, v_context->cycles, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
		last_frame_num = v_context->frame;

		if (!headless) {
			break_on_sync |= wait_render_frame(v_context, frame_limit);
		} else if(exit_after){
			--exit_after;
			if (!exit_after) {
				exit(0);
			}
		}

		vdp_adjust_cycles(v_context, mclks);
		io_adjust_cycles(gen->ports, context->current_cycle, mclks);
		io_adjust_cycles(gen->ports+1, context->current_cycle, mclks);
		io_adjust_cycles(gen->ports+2, context->current_cycle, mclks);
		context->current_cycle -= mclks;
		z80_adjust_cycles(z_context, mclks);
		gen->ym->current_cycle -= mclks;
		gen->psg->cycles -= mclks;
		if (gen->ym->write_cycle != CYCLE_NEVER) {
			gen->ym->write_cycle = gen->ym->write_cycle >= mclks ? gen->ym->write_cycle - mclks : 0;
		}
	}
	gen->frame_end = vdp_cycles_to_frame_end(v_context);
	context->sync_cycle = gen->frame_end;
	//printf("Set sync cycle to: %d @ %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", context->sync_cycle, context->current_cycle, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
	if (context->int_ack) {
		//printf("acknowledging %d @ %d:%d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", context->int_ack, context->current_cycle, v_context->cycles, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
		vdp_int_ack(v_context, context->int_ack);
		context->int_ack = 0;
	}
	if (!address && (break_on_sync || save_state)) {
		context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle + 1;
	}
	adjust_int_cycle(context, v_context);
	if (address) {
		if (break_on_sync) {
			break_on_sync = 0;
			debugger(context, address);
		}
		if (save_state && (z_context->pc || (!z_context->reset && !z_context->busreq))) {
			save_state = 0;
			//advance Z80 core to the start of an instruction
			while (!z_context->pc)
			{
				sync_z80(z_context, z_context->current_cycle + MCLKS_PER_Z80);
			}
			save_gst(gen, "savestate.gst", address);
			puts("Saved state to savestate.gst");
		} else if(save_state) {
			context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle + 1;
		}
	}
	last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
	return context;
}

m68k_context * vdp_port_write(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context, uint16_t value)
{
	if (vdp_port & 0x2700E0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to write to address %X\n", 0xC00000 | vdp_port);
	}
	vdp_port &= 0x1F;
	//printf("vdp_port write: %X, value: %X, cycle: %d\n", vdp_port, value, context->current_cycle);
	sync_components(context, 0);
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	vdp_context *v_context = gen->vdp;
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		int blocked;
		uint32_t before_cycle = v_context->cycles;
		if (vdp_port < 4) {

			while (vdp_data_port_write(v_context, value) < 0) {
				while(v_context->flags & FLAG_DMA_RUN) {
					vdp_run_dma_done(v_context, gen->frame_end);
					if (v_context->cycles >= gen->frame_end) {
						context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
						gen->bus_busy = 1;
						sync_components(context, 0);
						gen->bus_busy = 0;
					}
				}
				//context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
			}
		} else if(vdp_port < 8) {
			blocked = vdp_control_port_write(v_context, value);
			if (blocked) {
				while (blocked) {
					while(v_context->flags & FLAG_DMA_RUN) {
						vdp_run_dma_done(v_context, gen->frame_end);
						if (v_context->cycles >= gen->frame_end) {
							context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
							gen->bus_busy = 1;
							sync_components(context, 0);
							gen->bus_busy = 0;
						}
					}
					if (blocked < 0) {
						blocked = vdp_control_port_write(v_context, value);
					} else {
						blocked = 0;
					}
				}
			} else {
				context->sync_cycle = gen->frame_end = vdp_cycles_to_frame_end(v_context);
				//printf("Set sync cycle to: %d @ %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", context->sync_cycle, context->current_cycle, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
				adjust_int_cycle(context, v_context);
			}
		} else {
			fatal_error("Illegal write to HV Counter port %X\n", vdp_port);
		}
		if (v_context->cycles != before_cycle) {
			//printf("68K paused for %d (%d) cycles at cycle %d (%d) for write\n", v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle, v_context->cycles - before_cycle, context->current_cycle, before_cycle);
			last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
			//Lock the Z80 out of the bus until the VDP access is complete
			gen->bus_busy = 1;
			sync_z80(gen->z80, v_context->cycles);
			gen->bus_busy = 0;
		}
	} else if (vdp_port < 0x18) {
		psg_write(gen->psg, value);
	} else {
		//TODO: Implement undocumented test register(s)
	}
	return context;
}

m68k_context * vdp_port_write_b(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context, uint8_t value)
{
	return vdp_port_write(vdp_port, context, vdp_port < 0x10 ? value | value << 8 : ((vdp_port & 1) ? value : 0));
}

void * z80_vdp_port_write(uint32_t vdp_port, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	vdp_port &= 0xFF;
	if (vdp_port & 0xE0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to write to Z80 address %X\n", 0x7F00 | vdp_port);
	}
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		//These probably won't currently interact well with the 68K accessing the VDP
		vdp_run_context(gen->vdp, context->current_cycle);
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			vdp_data_port_write(gen->vdp, value << 8 | value);
		} else if (vdp_port < 8) {
			vdp_control_port_write(gen->vdp, value << 8 | value);
		} else {
			fatal_error("Illegal write to HV Counter port %X\n", vdp_port);
		}
	} else if (vdp_port < 0x18) {
		sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
		psg_write(gen->psg, value);
	} else {
		vdp_test_port_write(gen->vdp, value);
	}
	return context;
}

uint16_t vdp_port_read(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context)
{
	if (vdp_port & 0x2700E0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to read from address %X\n", 0xC00000 | vdp_port);
	}
	vdp_port &= 0x1F;
	uint16_t value;
	sync_components(context, 0);
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	vdp_context * v_context = gen->vdp;
	uint32_t before_cycle = v_context->cycles;
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			value = vdp_data_port_read(v_context);
		} else if(vdp_port < 8) {
			value = vdp_control_port_read(v_context);
		} else {
			value = vdp_hv_counter_read(v_context);
			//printf("HV Counter: %X at cycle %d\n", value, v_context->cycles);
		}
	} else if (vdp_port < 0x18){
		fatal_error("Illegal read from PSG  port %X\n", vdp_port);
	} else {
		value = vdp_test_port_read(v_context);
	}
	if (v_context->cycles != before_cycle) {
		//printf("68K paused for %d (%d) cycles at cycle %d (%d) for read\n", v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle, v_context->cycles - before_cycle, context->current_cycle, before_cycle);
		last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
		//Lock the Z80 out of the bus until the VDP access is complete
		genesis_context *gen = context->system;
		gen->bus_busy = 1;
		sync_z80(gen->z80, v_context->cycles);
		gen->bus_busy = 0;
	}
	return value;
}

uint8_t vdp_port_read_b(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context)
{
	uint16_t value = vdp_port_read(vdp_port, context);
	if (vdp_port & 1) {
		return value;
	} else {
		return value >> 8;
	}
}

uint8_t z80_vdp_port_read(uint32_t vdp_port, void * vcontext)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	if (vdp_port & 0xE0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to read from Z80 address %X\n", 0x7F00 | vdp_port);
	}
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	//VDP access goes over the 68K bus like a bank area access
	//typical delay from bus arbitration
	context->current_cycle += 3 * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
	//TODO: add cycle for an access right after a previous one
	//TODO: Below cycle time is an estimate based on the time between 68K !BG goes low and Z80 !MREQ goes high
	//      Needs a new logic analyzer capture to get the actual delay on the 68K side
	gen->m68k->current_cycle += 8 * MCLKS_PER_68K;


	vdp_port &= 0x1F;
	uint16_t ret;
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		//These probably won't currently interact well with the 68K accessing the VDP
		vdp_run_context(gen->vdp, context->current_cycle);
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			ret = vdp_data_port_read(gen->vdp);
		} else if (vdp_port < 8) {
			ret = vdp_control_port_read(gen->vdp);
		} else {
			fatal_error("Illegal write to HV Counter port %X\n", vdp_port);
		}
	} else {
		//TODO: Figure out the correct value today
		ret = 0xFFFF;
	}
	return vdp_port & 1 ? ret : ret >> 8;
}

uint32_t zram_counter = 0;

m68k_context * io_write(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context, uint8_t value)
{
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	if (location < 0x10000) {
		//Access to Z80 memory incurs a one 68K cycle wait state
		context->current_cycle += MCLKS_PER_68K;
		if (!z80_enabled || z80_get_busack(gen->z80, context->current_cycle)) {
			location &= 0x7FFF;
			if (location < 0x4000) {
				z80_ram[location & 0x1FFF] = value;
#ifndef NO_Z80
				z80_handle_code_write(location & 0x1FFF, gen->z80);
#endif
			} else if (location < 0x6000) {
				sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
				if (location & 1) {
					ym_data_write(gen->ym, value);
				} else if(location & 2) {
					ym_address_write_part2(gen->ym, value);
				} else {
					ym_address_write_part1(gen->ym, value);
				}
			} else if (location == 0x6000) {
				gen->z80->bank_reg = (gen->z80->bank_reg >> 1 | value << 8) & 0x1FF;
				if (gen->z80->bank_reg < 0x80) {
					gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = (gen->z80->bank_reg << 15) + ((char *)gen->z80->mem_pointers[2]);
				} else {
					gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = NULL;
				}
			} else {
				fatal_error("68K write to unhandled Z80 address %X\n", location);
			}
		}
	} else {
		location &= 0x1FFF;
		if (location < 0x100) {
			switch(location/2)
			{
			case 0x1:
				io_data_write(gen->ports, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x2:
				io_data_write(gen->ports+1, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x3:
				io_data_write(gen->ports+2, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x4:
				gen->ports[0].control = value;
				break;
			case 0x5:
				gen->ports[1].control = value;
				break;
			case 0x6:
				gen->ports[2].control = value;
				break;
			}
		} else {
			if (location == 0x1100) {
				if (value & 1) {
					dputs("bus requesting Z80");
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_assert_busreq(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->busack = 1;
					}
				} else {
					if (gen->z80->busreq) {
						dputs("releasing z80 bus");
						#ifdef DO_DEBUG_PRINT
						char fname[20];
						sprintf(fname, "zram-%d", zram_counter++);
						FILE * f = fopen(fname, "wb");
						fwrite(z80_ram, 1, sizeof(z80_ram), f);
						fclose(f);
						#endif
					}
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_clear_busreq(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->busack = 0;
					}
				}
			} else if (location == 0x1200) {
				sync_z80(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
				if (value & 1) {
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_clear_reset(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->reset = 0;
					}
				} else {
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_assert_reset(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->reset = 1;
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return context;
}

m68k_context * io_write_w(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context, uint16_t value)
{
	if (location < 0x10000 || (location & 0x1FFF) >= 0x100) {
		return io_write(location, context, value >> 8);
	} else {
		return io_write(location, context, value);
	}
}

#define USA 0x80
#define JAP 0x00
#define EUR 0xC0
#define NO_DISK 0x20
uint8_t version_reg = NO_DISK | USA;

uint8_t io_read(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context)
{
	uint8_t value;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (location < 0x10000) {
		//Access to Z80 memory incurs a one 68K cycle wait state
		context->current_cycle += MCLKS_PER_68K;
		if (!z80_enabled || z80_get_busack(gen->z80, context->current_cycle)) {
			location &= 0x7FFF;
			if (location < 0x4000) {
				value = z80_ram[location & 0x1FFF];
			} else if (location < 0x6000) {
				sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
				value = ym_read_status(gen->ym);
			} else {
				value = 0xFF;
			}
		} else {
			value = 0xFF;
		}
	} else {
		location &= 0x1FFF;
		if (location < 0x100) {
			switch(location/2)
			{
			case 0x0:
				//version bits should be 0 for now since we're not emulating TMSS
				value = version_reg;
				break;
			case 0x1:
				value = io_data_read(gen->ports, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x2:
				value = io_data_read(gen->ports+1, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x3:
				value = io_data_read(gen->ports+2, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x4:
				value = gen->ports[0].control;
				break;
			case 0x5:
				value = gen->ports[1].control;
				break;
			case 0x6:
				value = gen->ports[2].control;
				break;
			default:
				value = 0xFF;
			}
		} else {
			if (location == 0x1100) {
				value = z80_enabled ? !z80_get_busack(gen->z80, context->current_cycle) : !gen->z80->busack;
				//TODO: actual pre-fetch emulation
				value |= 0x4E;
				dprintf("Byte read of BUSREQ returned %d @ %d (reset: %d)\n", value, context->current_cycle, gen->z80->reset);
			} else if (location == 0x1200) {
				value = !gen->z80->reset;
			} else {
				value = 0xFF;
				printf("Byte read of unknown IO location: %X\n", location);
			}
		}
	}
	return value;
}

uint16_t io_read_w(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context)
{
	uint16_t value = io_read(location, context);
	if (location < 0x10000 || (location & 0x1FFF) < 0x100) {
		value = value | (value << 8);
	} else {
		value <<= 8;
		//TODO: actual pre-fetch emulation
		value |= 0x73;
	}
	return value;
}

void * z80_write_ym(uint32_t location, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
	if (location & 1) {
		ym_data_write(gen->ym, value);
	} else if (location & 2) {
		ym_address_write_part2(gen->ym, value);
	} else {
		ym_address_write_part1(gen->ym, value);
	}
	return context;
}

uint8_t z80_read_ym(uint32_t location, void * vcontext)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
	return ym_read_status(gen->ym);
}

uint8_t z80_read_bank(uint32_t location, void * vcontext)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (gen->bus_busy) {
		context->current_cycle = context->sync_cycle;
	}
	//typical delay from bus arbitration
	context->current_cycle += 3 * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
	//TODO: add cycle for an access right after a previous one
	//TODO: Below cycle time is an estimate based on the time between 68K !BG goes low and Z80 !MREQ goes high
	//      Needs a new logic analyzer capture to get the actual delay on the 68K side
	gen->m68k->current_cycle += 8 * MCLKS_PER_68K;

	location &= 0x7FFF;
	if (context->mem_pointers[1]) {
		return context->mem_pointers[1][location ^ 1];
	}
	uint32_t address = context->bank_reg << 15 | location;
	if (address >= 0xC00000 && address < 0xE00000) {
		return z80_vdp_port_read(location & 0xFF, context);
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled read by Z80 from address %X through banked memory area (%X)\n", address, context->bank_reg << 15);
	}
	return 0;
}

void *z80_write_bank(uint32_t location, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (gen->bus_busy) {
		context->current_cycle = context->sync_cycle;
	}
	//typical delay from bus arbitration
	context->current_cycle += 3 * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
	//TODO: add cycle for an access right after a previous one
	//TODO: Below cycle time is an estimate based on the time between 68K !BG goes low and Z80 !MREQ goes high
	//      Needs a new logic analyzer capture to get the actual delay on the 68K side
	gen->m68k->current_cycle += 8 * MCLKS_PER_68K;

	location &= 0x7FFF;
	uint32_t address = context->bank_reg << 15 | location;
	if (address >= 0xE00000) {
		address &= 0xFFFF;
		((uint8_t *)ram)[address ^ 1] = value;
	} else if (address >= 0xC00000) {
		z80_vdp_port_write(location & 0xFF, context, value);
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled write by Z80 to address %X through banked memory area\n", address);
	}
	return context;
}

void *z80_write_bank_reg(uint32_t location, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;

	context->bank_reg = (context->bank_reg >> 1 | value << 8) & 0x1FF;
	if (context->bank_reg < 0x100) {
		genesis_context *gen = context->system;
		context->mem_pointers[1] = get_native_pointer(context->bank_reg << 15, (void **)gen->m68k->mem_pointers, &gen->m68k->options->gen);
	} else {
		context->mem_pointers[1] = NULL;
	}

	return context;
}

void set_speed_percent(genesis_context * context, uint32_t percent)
{
	uint32_t old_clock = context->master_clock;
	context->master_clock = ((uint64_t)context->normal_clock * (uint64_t)percent) / 100;
	while (context->ym->current_cycle != context->psg->cycles) {
		sync_sound(context, context->psg->cycles + MCLKS_PER_PSG);
}
	ym_adjust_master_clock(context->ym, context->master_clock);
	psg_adjust_master_clock(context->psg, context->master_clock);
}

char * save_filename;
genesis_context *genesis;
genesis_context *menu_context;
genesis_context *game_context;
void persist_save()
{
	FILE * f = fopen(save_filename, "wb");
	if (!f) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s file %s for writing\n", genesis->save_type == SAVE_I2C ? "EEPROM" : "SRAM", save_filename);
		return;
	}
	fwrite(genesis->save_storage, 1, genesis->save_size, f);
	fclose(f);
	printf("Saved %s to %s\n", genesis->save_type == SAVE_I2C ? "EEPROM" : "SRAM", save_filename);
}

#ifndef NO_Z80
const memmap_chunk z80_map[] = {
	{ 0x0000, 0x4000,  0x1FFF, 0, MMAP_READ | MMAP_WRITE | MMAP_CODE, z80_ram, NULL, NULL, NULL,              NULL },
	{ 0x8000, 0x10000, 0x7FFF, 0, 0,                                  NULL,    NULL, NULL, z80_read_bank,     z80_write_bank},
	{ 0x4000, 0x6000,  0x0003, 0, 0,                                  NULL,    NULL, NULL, z80_read_ym,       z80_write_ym},
	{ 0x6000, 0x6100,  0xFFFF, 0, 0,                                  NULL,    NULL, NULL, NULL,              z80_write_bank_reg},
	{ 0x7F00, 0x8000,  0x00FF, 0, 0,                                  NULL,    NULL, NULL, z80_vdp_port_read, z80_vdp_port_write}
};
#endif

genesis_context *alloc_init_genesis(rom_info *rom, int fps, uint32_t ym_opts)
{
	genesis_context *gen = calloc(1, sizeof(genesis_context));
	gen->master_clock = gen->normal_clock = fps == 60 ? MCLKS_NTSC : MCLKS_PAL;

	gen->vdp = malloc(sizeof(vdp_context));
	init_vdp_context(gen->vdp, version_reg & 0x40);
	gen->frame_end = vdp_cycles_to_frame_end(gen->vdp);
	char * config_cycles = tern_find_path(config, "clocks\0max_cycles\0").ptrval;
	gen->max_cycles = config_cycles ? atoi(config_cycles) : DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL;

	gen->ym = malloc(sizeof(ym2612_context));
	ym_init(gen->ym, render_sample_rate(), gen->master_clock, MCLKS_PER_YM, render_audio_buffer(), ym_opts);

	gen->psg = malloc(sizeof(psg_context));
	psg_init(gen->psg, render_sample_rate(), gen->master_clock, MCLKS_PER_PSG, render_audio_buffer());

	gen->z80 = calloc(1, sizeof(z80_context));
#ifndef NO_Z80
	z80_options *z_opts = malloc(sizeof(z80_options));
	init_z80_opts(z_opts, z80_map, 5, NULL, 0, MCLKS_PER_Z80);
	init_z80_context(gen->z80, z_opts);
	z80_assert_reset(gen->z80, 0);
#endif

	gen->z80->system = gen;
	gen->z80->mem_pointers[0] = z80_ram;
	gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = gen->z80->mem_pointers[2] = (uint8_t *)cart;

	gen->cart = cart;
	gen->work_ram = ram;
	gen->zram = z80_ram;
	setup_io_devices(config, rom, gen->ports);

	gen->save_type = rom->save_type;
	gen->save_type = rom->save_type;
	if (gen->save_type != SAVE_NONE) {
		gen->save_ram_mask = rom->save_mask;
		gen->save_size = rom->save_size;
		gen->save_storage = rom->save_buffer;
		gen->eeprom_map = rom->eeprom_map;
		gen->num_eeprom = rom->num_eeprom;
		FILE * f = fopen(save_filename, "rb");
		if (f) {
			uint32_t read = fread(gen->save_storage, 1, rom->save_size, f);
			fclose(f);
			if (read > 0) {
				printf("Loaded %s from %s\n", rom->save_type == SAVE_I2C ? "EEPROM" : "SRAM", save_filename);
			}
		}
		atexit(persist_save);
		if (gen->save_type == SAVE_I2C) {
			eeprom_init(&gen->eeprom, gen->save_storage, gen->save_size);
		}
	} else {
		gen->save_storage = NULL;
	}

	m68k_options *opts = malloc(sizeof(m68k_options));
	init_m68k_opts(opts, rom->map, rom->map_chunks, MCLKS_PER_68K);
	//TODO: make this configurable
	opts->gen.flags |= M68K_OPT_BROKEN_READ_MODIFY;
	gen->m68k = init_68k_context(opts);
	gen->m68k->system = gen;

	for (int i = 0; i < rom->map_chunks; i++)
	{
		if (rom->map[i].flags & MMAP_PTR_IDX) {
			gen->m68k->mem_pointers[rom->map[i].ptr_index] = rom->map[i].buffer;
		}
	}

	return gen;
}

void free_genesis(genesis_context *gen)
{
	vdp_free(gen->vdp);
	m68k_options_free(gen->m68k->options);
	free(gen->m68k);
	z80_options_free(gen->z80->options);
	free(gen->z80);
	ym_free(gen->ym);
	psg_free(gen->psg);
	free(gen->save_storage);
}

void start_genesis(genesis_context *gen, char *statefile, uint8_t *debugger)
{

	if (statefile) {
		uint32_t pc = load_gst(gen, statefile);
		if (!pc) {
			fatal_error("Failed to load save state %s\n", statefile);
		}
		printf("Loaded %s\n", statefile);
		if (debugger) {
			insert_breakpoint(gen->m68k, pc, debugger);
		}
		adjust_int_cycle(gen->m68k, gen->vdp);
		start_68k_context(gen->m68k, pc);
	} else {
		if (debugger) {
			uint32_t address = cart[2] << 16 | cart[3];
			insert_breakpoint(gen->m68k, address, debugger);
		}
		m68k_reset(gen->m68k);
	}
}

char *title;

void update_title(char *rom_name)
{
	if (title) {
		free(title);
		title = NULL;
	}
	title = alloc_concat(rom_name, " - BlastEm");
	render_update_caption(title);
}

void set_region(rom_info *info, uint8_t region)
{
	if (!region) {
		char * def_region = tern_find_ptr(config, "default_region");
		if (def_region && (!info->regions || (info->regions & translate_region_char(toupper(*def_region))))) {
			region = translate_region_char(toupper(*def_region));
		} else {
			region = info->regions;
		}
	}
	if (region & REGION_E) {
		version_reg = NO_DISK | EUR;
	} else if (region & REGION_J) {
		version_reg = NO_DISK | JAP;
	} else {
		version_reg = NO_DISK | USA;
	}
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
	set_exe_str(argv[0]);
	config = load_config();
	int width = -1;
	int height = -1;
	int debug = 0;
	int ym_log = 0;
	int loaded = 0;
	uint8_t force_version = 0;
	char * romfname = NULL;
	FILE *address_log = NULL;
	char * statefile = NULL;
	int rom_size;
	uint8_t * debuggerfun = NULL;
	uint8_t fullscreen = FULLSCREEN_DEFAULT, use_gl = 1;
	uint8_t debug_target = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
		if (argv[i][0] == '-') {
			switch(argv[i][1]) {
			case 'b':
				i++;
				if (i >= argc) {
					fatal_error("-b must be followed by a frame count\n");
				}
				headless = 1;
				exit_after = atoi(argv[i]);
				break;
			case 'd':
				debuggerfun = (uint8_t *)debugger;
				//allow debugging the menu
				if (argv[i][2] == 'm') {
					debug_target = 1;
				}
				break;
			case 'D':
				gdb_remote_init();
				debuggerfun = (uint8_t *)gdb_debug_enter;
				break;
			case 'f':
				fullscreen = !fullscreen;
				break;
			case 'g':
				use_gl = 0;
				break;
			case 'l':
				address_log = fopen("address.log", "w");
				break;
			case 'v':
				info_message("blastem %s\n", BLASTEM_VERSION);
				return 0;
				break;
			case 'n':
				z80_enabled = 0;
				break;
			case 'r':
				i++;
				if (i >= argc) {
					fatal_error("-r must be followed by region (J, U or E)\n");
				}
				force_version = translate_region_char(toupper(argv[i][0]));
				if (!force_version) {
					fatal_error("'%c' is not a valid region character for the -r option\n", argv[i][0]);
				}
				break;
			case 's':
				i++;
				if (i >= argc) {
					fatal_error("-s must be followed by a savestate filename\n");
				}
				statefile = argv[i];
				break;
			case 't':
				force_no_terminal();
				break;
			case 'y':
				ym_log = 1;
				break;
			case 'h':
				info_message(
					"Usage: blastem [OPTIONS] ROMFILE [WIDTH] [HEIGHT]\n"
					"Options:\n"
					"	-h          Print this help text\n"
					"	-r (J|U|E)  Force region to Japan, US or Europe respectively\n"
					"	-f          Start in fullscreen mode\n"
					"	-g          Disable OpenGL rendering\n"
					"	-s FILE     Load a GST format savestate from FILE\n"
					"	-d          Enter debugger on startup\n"
					"	-n          Disable Z80\n"
					"	-v          Display version number and exit\n"
					"	-l          Log 68K code addresses (useful for assemblers)\n"
					"	-y          Log individual YM-2612 channels to WAVE files\n"
				);
				return 0;
			default:
				fatal_error("Unrecognized switch %s\n", argv[i]);
			}
		} else if (!loaded) {
			if (!(rom_size = load_rom(argv[i]))) {
				fatal_error("Failed to open %s for reading\n", argv[i]);
			}
			romfname = argv[i];
			loaded = 1;
		} else if (width < 0) {
			width = atoi(argv[i]);
		} else if (height < 0) {
			height = atoi(argv[i]);
		}
	}
	uint8_t menu = !loaded;
	if (!loaded) {
		//load menu
		romfname = tern_find_path(config, "ui\rom\0").ptrval;
		if (!romfname) {
			romfname = "menu.bin";
		}
		if (romfname[0] == '/') {
			if (!(rom_size = load_rom(romfname))) {
				fatal_error("Failed to open UI ROM %s for reading", romfname);
			}
		} else {
			long fsize;
			cart = (uint16_t *)read_bundled_file(romfname, &fsize);
			if (!cart) {
				fatal_error("Failed to open UI ROM %s for reading", romfname);
			}
			rom_size = nearest_pow2(fsize);
			if (rom_size > fsize) {
				cart = realloc(cart, rom_size);
			}
		}
		//TODO: load relative to executable or from assets depending on platform

		loaded = 1;
	}
	ram = malloc(RAM_WORDS * sizeof(uint16_t));
	memmap_chunk base_map[] = {
		{0xE00000, 0x1000000, 0xFFFF,   0, MMAP_READ | MMAP_WRITE | MMAP_CODE, ram,
		           NULL,          NULL,         NULL,            NULL},
		{0xC00000, 0xE00000,  0x1FFFFF, 0, 0,                                  NULL,
		           (read_16_fun)vdp_port_read,  (write_16_fun)vdp_port_write,
		           (read_8_fun)vdp_port_read_b, (write_8_fun)vdp_port_write_b},
		{0xA00000, 0xA12000,  0x1FFFF,  0, 0,                                  NULL,
		           (read_16_fun)io_read_w,      (write_16_fun)io_write_w,
		           (read_8_fun)io_read,         (write_8_fun)io_write}
	};
	tern_node *rom_db = load_rom_db();
	rom_info info = configure_rom(rom_db, cart, rom_size, base_map, sizeof(base_map)/sizeof(base_map[0]));
	byteswap_rom(rom_size);
	set_region(&info, force_version);
	update_title(info.name);
	int def_width = 0;
	char *config_width = tern_find_path(config, "video\0width\0").ptrval;
	if (config_width) {
		def_width = atoi(config_width);
	}
	if (!def_width) {
		def_width = 640;
	}
	width = width < 320 ? def_width : width;
	height = height < 240 ? (width/320) * 240 : height;
	uint32_t fps = 60;
	if (version_reg & 0x40) {
		fps = 50;
	}
	if (!headless) {
		render_init(width, height, title, fps, fullscreen);
	}
	int fname_size = strlen(romfname);
	char * ext = info.save_type == SAVE_I2C ? "eeprom" : "sram";
	save_filename = malloc(fname_size+strlen(ext) + 2);
	memcpy(save_filename, romfname, fname_size);
	int i;
	for (i = fname_size-1; fname_size >= 0; --i) {
		if (save_filename[i] == '.') {
			strcpy(save_filename + i + 1, ext);
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i < 0) {
		save_filename[fname_size] = '.';
		strcpy(save_filename + fname_size + 1, ext);
	}

	genesis = alloc_init_genesis(&info, fps, (ym_log && !menu) ? YM_OPT_WAVE_LOG : 0);
	if (menu) {
		menu_context = genesis;
	} else {
		genesis->m68k->options->address_log = address_log;
		game_context = genesis;
	}

	set_keybindings(genesis->ports);
	start_genesis(genesis, menu ? NULL : statefile, menu == debug_target ? debuggerfun : NULL);
	for(;;)
	{
		if (menu && menu_context->next_rom) {
			if (game_context) {
				if (game_context->save_type != SAVE_NONE) {
					persist_save();
				}
				free(game_context->cart);
				free(save_filename);
				base_map[0].buffer = ram = game_context->work_ram;
			} else {
				base_map[0].buffer = ram = malloc(RAM_WORDS * sizeof(uint16_t));
			}
			memset(ram, 0, RAM_WORDS * sizeof(uint16_t));
			if (!(rom_size = load_rom(menu_context->next_rom))) {
				fatal_error("Failed to open %s for reading\n", menu_context->next_rom);
			}
			info = configure_rom(rom_db, cart, rom_size, base_map, sizeof(base_map)/sizeof(base_map[0]));
			byteswap_rom(rom_size);
			set_region(&info, force_version);
			update_title(info.name);
			fname_size = strlen(romfname);
			ext = info.save_type == SAVE_I2C ? "eeprom" : "sram";
			save_filename = malloc(fname_size+strlen(ext) + 2);
			memcpy(save_filename, romfname, fname_size);
			for (i = fname_size-1; fname_size >= 0; --i) {
				if (save_filename[i] == '.') {
					strcpy(save_filename + i + 1, ext);
					break;
				}
			}
			if (i < 0) {
				save_filename[fname_size] = '.';
				strcpy(save_filename + fname_size + 1, ext);
			}
			if (!game_context) {
				//start a new arena and save old one in suspended genesis context
				genesis->arena = start_new_arena();
			} else {
				genesis->arena = set_current_arena(game_context->arena);
				mark_all_free();
				free_genesis(game_context);
			}
			//allocate new genesis context
			game_context = alloc_init_genesis(&info, fps, ym_log ? YM_OPT_WAVE_LOG : 0);
			free(menu_context->next_rom);
			menu_context->next_rom = NULL;
			menu = 0;
			genesis = game_context;
			genesis->m68k->options->address_log = address_log;
			map_all_bindings(genesis->ports);
			start_genesis(genesis, statefile, menu == debug_target ? debuggerfun : NULL);
		}
		else if (menu && game_context) {
			genesis->arena = set_current_arena(game_context->arena);
			genesis = game_context;
			cart = genesis->cart;
			ram = genesis->work_ram;
			menu = 0;
			map_all_bindings(genesis->ports);
			resume_68k(genesis->m68k);
		} else if (!menu && menu_context) {
			genesis->arena = set_current_arena(menu_context->arena);
			genesis = menu_context;
			cart = genesis->cart;
			ram = genesis->work_ram;
			menu = 1;
			map_all_bindings(genesis->ports);
			resume_68k(genesis->m68k);
		} else {
			break;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}