view genesis.c @ 1971:80920c21bb52

Add an event log soft flush and call it twice per frame in between hard flushes to netplay latency when there are insufficient hardware updates to flush packets in the middle of a frame
author Michael Pavone <pavone@retrodev.com>
date Fri, 08 May 2020 11:40:30 -0700
parents 2fd0a8cb1c80
children 81df9aa2de9b
line wrap: on
line source

/*
 Copyright 2013-2016 Michael Pavone
 This file is part of BlastEm.
 BlastEm is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or greater. See COPYING for full license text.
*/
#include "genesis.h"
#include "blastem.h"
#include "nor.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "render.h"
#include "gst.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "gdb_remote.h"
#include "saves.h"
#include "bindings.h"
#include "jcart.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "event_log.h"
#define MCLKS_NTSC 53693175
#define MCLKS_PAL  53203395

uint32_t MCLKS_PER_68K;
#define MCLKS_PER_YM  7
#define MCLKS_PER_Z80 15
#define MCLKS_PER_PSG (MCLKS_PER_Z80*16)
#define Z80_INT_PULSE_MCLKS 2573 //measured value is ~171.5 Z80 clocks
#define DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL MCLKS_LINE
#define DEFAULT_LOWPASS_CUTOFF 3390

//TODO: Figure out the exact value for this
#define LINES_NTSC 262
#define LINES_PAL 313

#ifdef IS_LIB
#define MAX_SOUND_CYCLES (MCLKS_PER_YM*NUM_OPERATORS*6*4)
#else
#define MAX_SOUND_CYCLES 100000	
#endif

#ifdef NEW_CORE
#define Z80_CYCLE cycles
#define Z80_OPTS opts
#define z80_handle_code_write(...)
#else
#define Z80_CYCLE current_cycle
#define Z80_OPTS options
#endif

void genesis_serialize(genesis_context *gen, serialize_buffer *buf, uint32_t m68k_pc, uint8_t all)
{
	if (all) {
		start_section(buf, SECTION_68000);
		m68k_serialize(gen->m68k, m68k_pc, buf);
		end_section(buf);
		
		start_section(buf, SECTION_Z80);
		z80_serialize(gen->z80, buf);
		end_section(buf);
	}
	
	start_section(buf, SECTION_VDP);
	vdp_serialize(gen->vdp, buf);
	end_section(buf);
	
	start_section(buf, SECTION_YM2612);
	ym_serialize(gen->ym, buf);
	end_section(buf);
	
	start_section(buf, SECTION_PSG);
	psg_serialize(gen->psg, buf);
	end_section(buf);
	
	if (all) {
		start_section(buf, SECTION_GEN_BUS_ARBITER);
		save_int8(buf, gen->z80->reset);
		save_int8(buf, gen->z80->busreq);
		save_int16(buf, gen->z80_bank_reg);
		end_section(buf);
		
		start_section(buf, SECTION_SEGA_IO_1);
		io_serialize(gen->io.ports, buf);
		end_section(buf);
		
		start_section(buf, SECTION_SEGA_IO_2);
		io_serialize(gen->io.ports + 1, buf);
		end_section(buf);
		
		start_section(buf, SECTION_SEGA_IO_EXT);
		io_serialize(gen->io.ports + 2, buf);
		end_section(buf);
		
		start_section(buf, SECTION_MAIN_RAM);
		save_int8(buf, RAM_WORDS * 2 / 1024);
		save_buffer16(buf, gen->work_ram, RAM_WORDS);
		end_section(buf);
		
		start_section(buf, SECTION_SOUND_RAM);
		save_int8(buf, Z80_RAM_BYTES / 1024);
		save_buffer8(buf, gen->zram, Z80_RAM_BYTES);
		end_section(buf);
		
		cart_serialize(&gen->header, buf);
	}
}

static uint8_t *serialize(system_header *sys, size_t *size_out)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)sys;
	uint32_t address;
	if (gen->m68k->resume_pc) {
		gen->m68k->target_cycle = gen->m68k->current_cycle;
		gen->header.save_state = SERIALIZE_SLOT+1;
		resume_68k(gen->m68k);
		if (size_out) {
			*size_out = gen->serialize_size;
		}
		return gen->serialize_tmp;
	} else {
		serialize_buffer state;
		init_serialize(&state);
		uint32_t address = read_word(4, (void **)gen->m68k->mem_pointers, &gen->m68k->options->gen, gen->m68k) << 16;
		address |= read_word(6, (void **)gen->m68k->mem_pointers, &gen->m68k->options->gen, gen->m68k);
		genesis_serialize(gen, &state, address, 1);
		if (size_out) {
			*size_out = state.size;
		}
		return state.data;
	}
}

static void ram_deserialize(deserialize_buffer *buf, void *vgen)
{
	genesis_context *gen = vgen;
	uint32_t ram_size = load_int8(buf) * 1024 / 2;
	if (ram_size > RAM_WORDS) {
		fatal_error("State has a RAM size of %d bytes", ram_size * 2);
	}
	load_buffer16(buf, gen->work_ram, ram_size);
	m68k_invalidate_code_range(gen->m68k, 0xE00000, 0x1000000);
}

static void zram_deserialize(deserialize_buffer *buf, void *vgen)
{
	genesis_context *gen = vgen;
	uint32_t ram_size = load_int8(buf) * 1024;
	if (ram_size > Z80_RAM_BYTES) {
		fatal_error("State has a Z80 RAM size of %d bytes", ram_size);
	}
	load_buffer8(buf, gen->zram, ram_size);
	z80_invalidate_code_range(gen->z80, 0, 0x4000);
}

static void update_z80_bank_pointer(genesis_context *gen)
{
	if (gen->z80_bank_reg < 0x140) {
		gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = get_native_pointer(gen->z80_bank_reg << 15, (void **)gen->m68k->mem_pointers, &gen->m68k->options->gen);
	} else {
		gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = NULL;
	}
	z80_invalidate_code_range(gen->z80, 0x8000, 0xFFFF);
}

static void bus_arbiter_deserialize(deserialize_buffer *buf, void *vgen)
{
	genesis_context *gen = vgen;
	gen->z80->reset = load_int8(buf);
	gen->z80->busreq = load_int8(buf);
	gen->z80_bank_reg = load_int16(buf) & 0x1FF;
}

static void adjust_int_cycle(m68k_context * context, vdp_context * v_context);
void genesis_deserialize(deserialize_buffer *buf, genesis_context *gen)
{
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = m68k_deserialize, .data = gen->m68k}, SECTION_68000);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = z80_deserialize, .data = gen->z80}, SECTION_Z80);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = vdp_deserialize, .data = gen->vdp}, SECTION_VDP);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = ym_deserialize, .data = gen->ym}, SECTION_YM2612);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = psg_deserialize, .data = gen->psg}, SECTION_PSG);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = bus_arbiter_deserialize, .data = gen}, SECTION_GEN_BUS_ARBITER);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = io_deserialize, .data = gen->io.ports}, SECTION_SEGA_IO_1);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = io_deserialize, .data = gen->io.ports + 1}, SECTION_SEGA_IO_2);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = io_deserialize, .data = gen->io.ports + 2}, SECTION_SEGA_IO_EXT);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = ram_deserialize, .data = gen}, SECTION_MAIN_RAM);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = zram_deserialize, .data = gen}, SECTION_SOUND_RAM);
	register_section_handler(buf, (section_handler){.fun = cart_deserialize, .data = gen}, SECTION_MAPPER);
	while (buf->cur_pos < buf->size)
	{
		load_section(buf);
	}
	update_z80_bank_pointer(gen);
	adjust_int_cycle(gen->m68k, gen->vdp);
	free(buf->handlers);
	buf->handlers = NULL;
}

#include "m68k_internal.h" //needed for get_native_address_trans, should be eliminated once handling of PC is cleaned up
static void deserialize(system_header *sys, uint8_t *data, size_t size)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)sys;
	deserialize_buffer buffer;
	init_deserialize(&buffer, data, size);
	genesis_deserialize(&buffer, gen);
	//HACK: Fix this once PC/IR is represented in a better way in 68K core
	gen->m68k->resume_pc = get_native_address_trans(gen->m68k, gen->m68k->last_prefetch_address);
}

uint16_t read_dma_value(uint32_t address)
{
	genesis_context *genesis = (genesis_context *)current_system;
	//TODO: Figure out what happens when you try to DMA from weird adresses like IO or banked Z80 area
	if ((address >= 0xA00000 && address < 0xB00000) || (address >= 0xC00000 && address <= 0xE00000)) {
		return 0;
	}
	
	//addresses here are word addresses (i.e. bit 0 corresponds to A1), so no need to do multiply by 2
	return read_word(address * 2, (void **)genesis->m68k->mem_pointers, &genesis->m68k->options->gen, genesis->m68k);
}

static uint16_t get_open_bus_value(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *genesis = (genesis_context *)system;
	return read_dma_value(genesis->m68k->last_prefetch_address/2);
}

static void adjust_int_cycle(m68k_context * context, vdp_context * v_context)
{
	//static int old_int_cycle = CYCLE_NEVER;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (context->sync_cycle - context->current_cycle > gen->max_cycles) {
		context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle + gen->max_cycles;
	}
	context->int_cycle = CYCLE_NEVER;
	if ((context->status & 0x7) < 6) {
		uint32_t next_vint = vdp_next_vint(v_context);
		if (next_vint != CYCLE_NEVER) {
			context->int_cycle = next_vint;
			context->int_num = 6;
		}
		if ((context->status & 0x7) < 4) {
			uint32_t next_hint = vdp_next_hint(v_context);
			if (next_hint != CYCLE_NEVER) {
				next_hint = next_hint < context->current_cycle ? context->current_cycle : next_hint;
				if (next_hint < context->int_cycle) {
					context->int_cycle = next_hint;
					context->int_num = 4;

				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (context->int_cycle > context->current_cycle && context->int_pending == INT_PENDING_SR_CHANGE) {
		context->int_pending = INT_PENDING_NONE;
	}
	/*if (context->int_cycle != old_int_cycle) {
		printf("int cycle changed to: %d, level: %d @ %d(%d), frame: %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d, mask: %d, hint_counter: %d\n", context->int_cycle, context->int_num, v_context->cycles, context->current_cycle, v_context->frame, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot, context->status & 0x7, v_context->hint_counter);
		old_int_cycle = context->int_cycle;
	}*/
	
	if (context->status & M68K_STATUS_TRACE || context->trace_pending) {
		context->target_cycle = context->current_cycle;
		return;
	}

	context->target_cycle = context->int_cycle < context->sync_cycle ? context->int_cycle : context->sync_cycle;
	if (context->should_return) {
		context->target_cycle = context->current_cycle;
	} else if (context->target_cycle < context->current_cycle) {
		//Changes to SR can result in an interrupt cycle that's in the past
		//This can cause issues with the implementation of STOP though
		context->target_cycle = context->current_cycle;
	}
	if (context->target_cycle == context->int_cycle) {
		//Currently delays from Z80 access and refresh are applied only when we sync
		//this can cause extra latency when it comes to interrupts
		//to prevent this code forces some extra synchronization in the period immediately before an interrupt
		if ((context->target_cycle - context->current_cycle) > gen->int_latency_prev1) {
			context->target_cycle = context->sync_cycle = context->int_cycle - gen->int_latency_prev1;
		} else if ((context->target_cycle - context->current_cycle) > gen->int_latency_prev2) {
			context->target_cycle = context->sync_cycle = context->int_cycle - gen->int_latency_prev2;
		} else {
			context->target_cycle = context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
		}
		
	}
	/*printf("Cyc: %d, Trgt: %d, Int Cyc: %d, Int: %d, Mask: %X, V: %d, H: %d, HICount: %d, HReg: %d, Line: %d\n",
		context->current_cycle, context->target_cycle, context->int_cycle, context->int_num, (context->status & 0x7),
		v_context->regs[REG_MODE_2] & 0x20, v_context->regs[REG_MODE_1] & 0x10, v_context->hint_counter, v_context->regs[REG_HINT], v_context->cycles / MCLKS_LINE);*/
}

//#define DO_DEBUG_PRINT
#ifdef DO_DEBUG_PRINT
#define dprintf printf
#define dputs puts
#else
#define dprintf
#define dputs
#endif

static void z80_next_int_pulse(z80_context * z_context)
{
	genesis_context * gen = z_context->system;
#ifdef NEW_CORE
	z_context->int_cycle = vdp_next_vint_z80(gen->vdp);
	z_context->int_end_cycle = z_context->int_cycle + Z80_INT_PULSE_MCLKS;
	z_context->int_value = 0xFF;
	z80_sync_cycle(z_context, z_context->sync_cycle);
#else
	z_context->int_pulse_start = vdp_next_vint_z80(gen->vdp);
	z_context->int_pulse_end = z_context->int_pulse_start + Z80_INT_PULSE_MCLKS;
	z_context->im2_vector = 0xFF;
#endif
}

static void sync_z80(z80_context * z_context, uint32_t mclks)
{
#ifndef NO_Z80
	if (z80_enabled) {
#ifdef NEW_CORE
		if (z_context->int_cycle == 0xFFFFFFFFU) {
			z80_next_int_pulse(z_context);
		}
#endif
		z80_run(z_context, mclks);
	} else
#endif
	{
		z_context->Z80_CYCLE = mclks;
	}
}

static void sync_sound(genesis_context * gen, uint32_t target)
{
	//printf("YM | Cycle: %d, bpos: %d, PSG | Cycle: %d, bpos: %d\n", gen->ym->current_cycle, gen->ym->buffer_pos, gen->psg->cycles, gen->psg->buffer_pos * 2);
	while (target > gen->psg->cycles && target - gen->psg->cycles > MAX_SOUND_CYCLES) {
		uint32_t cur_target = gen->psg->cycles + MAX_SOUND_CYCLES;
		//printf("Running PSG to cycle %d\n", cur_target);
		psg_run(gen->psg, cur_target);
		//printf("Running YM-2612 to cycle %d\n", cur_target);
		ym_run(gen->ym, cur_target);
	}
	psg_run(gen->psg, target);
	ym_run(gen->ym, target);

	//printf("Target: %d, YM bufferpos: %d, PSG bufferpos: %d\n", target, gen->ym->buffer_pos, gen->psg->buffer_pos * 2);
}

//My refresh emulation isn't currently good enough and causes more problems than it solves
#define REFRESH_EMULATION
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
#define REFRESH_INTERVAL 128
#define REFRESH_DELAY 2
uint32_t last_sync_cycle;
uint32_t refresh_counter;
#endif

#include <limits.h>
#define ADJUST_BUFFER (8*MCLKS_LINE*313)
#define MAX_NO_ADJUST (UINT_MAX-ADJUST_BUFFER)

m68k_context * sync_components(m68k_context * context, uint32_t address)
{
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	vdp_context * v_context = gen->vdp;
	z80_context * z_context = gen->z80;
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
	//lame estimation of refresh cycle delay
	refresh_counter += context->current_cycle - last_sync_cycle;
	if (!gen->bus_busy) {
		context->current_cycle += REFRESH_DELAY * MCLKS_PER_68K * (refresh_counter / (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL));
	}
	refresh_counter = refresh_counter % (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
#endif

	uint32_t mclks = context->current_cycle;
	sync_z80(z_context, mclks);
	sync_sound(gen, mclks);
	vdp_run_context(v_context, mclks);
	if (mclks >= gen->reset_cycle) {
		gen->reset_requested = 1;
		context->should_return = 1;
		gen->reset_cycle = CYCLE_NEVER;
	}
	if (v_context->frame != gen->last_frame) {
		//printf("reached frame end %d | MCLK Cycles: %d, Target: %d, VDP cycles: %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", gen->last_frame, mclks, gen->frame_end, v_context->cycles, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
		gen->last_frame = v_context->frame;
		event_flush(mclks);
		gen->last_flush_cycle = mclks;

		if(exit_after){
			--exit_after;
			if (!exit_after) {
				exit(0);
			}
		}
		if (context->current_cycle > MAX_NO_ADJUST) {
			uint32_t deduction = mclks - ADJUST_BUFFER;
			vdp_adjust_cycles(v_context, deduction);
			io_adjust_cycles(gen->io.ports, context->current_cycle, deduction);
			io_adjust_cycles(gen->io.ports+1, context->current_cycle, deduction);
			io_adjust_cycles(gen->io.ports+2, context->current_cycle, deduction);
			if (gen->mapper_type == MAPPER_JCART) {
				jcart_adjust_cycles(gen, deduction);
			}
			context->current_cycle -= deduction;
			z80_adjust_cycles(z_context, deduction);
			ym_adjust_cycles(gen->ym, deduction);
			if (gen->ym->vgm) {
				vgm_adjust_cycles(gen->ym->vgm, deduction);
			}
			gen->psg->cycles -= deduction;
			if (gen->reset_cycle != CYCLE_NEVER) {
				gen->reset_cycle -= deduction;
			}
			event_cycle_adjust(mclks, deduction);
			gen->last_flush_cycle -= deduction;
		}
	} else if (mclks - gen->last_flush_cycle > gen->soft_flush_cycles) {
		event_soft_flush(mclks);
		gen->last_flush_cycle = mclks;
	}
	gen->frame_end = vdp_cycles_to_frame_end(v_context);
	context->sync_cycle = gen->frame_end;
	//printf("Set sync cycle to: %d @ %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", context->sync_cycle, context->current_cycle, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
	if (context->int_ack) {
		//printf("acknowledging %d @ %d:%d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", context->int_ack, context->current_cycle, v_context->cycles, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
		vdp_int_ack(v_context);
		context->int_ack = 0;
	}
	if (!address && (gen->header.enter_debugger || gen->header.save_state)) {
		context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle + 1;
	}
	adjust_int_cycle(context, v_context);
	if (gen->reset_cycle < context->target_cycle) {
		context->target_cycle = gen->reset_cycle;
	}
	if (address) {
		if (gen->header.enter_debugger) {
			gen->header.enter_debugger = 0;
			debugger(context, address);
		}
#ifdef NEW_CORE
		if (gen->header.save_state) {
#else
		if (gen->header.save_state && (z_context->pc || !z_context->native_pc || z_context->reset || !z_context->busreq)) {
#endif
			uint8_t slot = gen->header.save_state - 1;
			gen->header.save_state = 0;
#ifndef NEW_CORE
			if (z_context->native_pc && !z_context->reset) {
				//advance Z80 core to the start of an instruction
				while (!z_context->pc)
				{
					sync_z80(z_context, z_context->current_cycle + MCLKS_PER_Z80);
				}
			}
#endif
			char *save_path = slot >= SERIALIZE_SLOT ? NULL : get_slot_name(&gen->header, slot, use_native_states ? "state" : "gst");
			if (use_native_states || slot >= SERIALIZE_SLOT) {
				serialize_buffer state;
				init_serialize(&state);
				genesis_serialize(gen, &state, address, slot != EVENTLOG_SLOT);
				if (slot == SERIALIZE_SLOT) {
					gen->serialize_tmp = state.data;
					gen->serialize_size = state.size;
					context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
					context->should_return = 1;
				} else if (slot == EVENTLOG_SLOT) {
					event_state(context->current_cycle, &state);
				} else {
					save_to_file(&state, save_path);
					free(state.data);
				}
			} else {
				save_gst(gen, save_path, address);
			}
			if (slot != SERIALIZE_SLOT) {
				debug_message("Saved state to %s\n", save_path);
			}
			free(save_path);
		} else if(gen->header.save_state) {
			context->sync_cycle = context->current_cycle + 1;
		}
	}
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
	last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
#endif
	return context;
}

static m68k_context * vdp_port_write(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context, uint16_t value)
{
	if (vdp_port & 0x2700E0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to write to address %X\n", 0xC00000 | vdp_port);
	}
	vdp_port &= 0x1F;
	//printf("vdp_port write: %X, value: %X, cycle: %d\n", vdp_port, value, context->current_cycle);
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
	//do refresh check here so we can avoid adding a penalty for a refresh that happens during a VDP access
	refresh_counter += context->current_cycle - 4*MCLKS_PER_68K - last_sync_cycle;
	context->current_cycle += REFRESH_DELAY * MCLKS_PER_68K * (refresh_counter / (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL));
	refresh_counter = refresh_counter % (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
	last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
#endif
	sync_components(context, 0);
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	vdp_context *v_context = gen->vdp;
	uint32_t before_cycle = v_context->cycles;
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		int blocked;
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			while (vdp_data_port_write(v_context, value) < 0) {
				while(v_context->flags & FLAG_DMA_RUN) {
					vdp_run_dma_done(v_context, gen->frame_end);
					if (v_context->cycles >= gen->frame_end) {
						uint32_t cycle_diff = v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle;
						uint32_t m68k_cycle_diff = (cycle_diff / MCLKS_PER_68K) * MCLKS_PER_68K;
						if (m68k_cycle_diff < cycle_diff) {
							m68k_cycle_diff += MCLKS_PER_68K;
						}
						context->current_cycle += m68k_cycle_diff;
						gen->bus_busy = 1;
						sync_components(context, 0);
						gen->bus_busy = 0;
					}
				}
				//context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
			}
		} else if(vdp_port < 8) {
			vdp_run_context_full(v_context, context->current_cycle);
			before_cycle = v_context->cycles;
			blocked = vdp_control_port_write(v_context, value);
			if (blocked) {
				while (blocked) {
					while(v_context->flags & FLAG_DMA_RUN) {
						vdp_run_dma_done(v_context, gen->frame_end);
						if (v_context->cycles >= gen->frame_end) {
							uint32_t cycle_diff = v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle;
							uint32_t m68k_cycle_diff = (cycle_diff / MCLKS_PER_68K) * MCLKS_PER_68K;
							if (m68k_cycle_diff < cycle_diff) {
								m68k_cycle_diff += MCLKS_PER_68K;
							}
							context->current_cycle += m68k_cycle_diff;
							gen->bus_busy = 1;
							sync_components(context, 0);
							gen->bus_busy = 0;
						}
					}
					
					if (blocked < 0) {
						blocked = vdp_control_port_write(v_context, value);
					} else {
						blocked = 0;
					}
				}
			} else {
				context->sync_cycle = gen->frame_end = vdp_cycles_to_frame_end(v_context);
				//printf("Set sync cycle to: %d @ %d, vcounter: %d, hslot: %d\n", context->sync_cycle, context->current_cycle, v_context->vcounter, v_context->hslot);
				adjust_int_cycle(context, v_context);
			}
		} else {
			fatal_error("Illegal write to HV Counter port %X\n", vdp_port);
		}
		if (v_context->cycles != before_cycle) {
			//printf("68K paused for %d (%d) cycles at cycle %d (%d) for write\n", v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle, v_context->cycles - before_cycle, context->current_cycle, before_cycle);
			uint32_t cycle_diff = v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle;
			uint32_t m68k_cycle_diff = (cycle_diff / MCLKS_PER_68K) * MCLKS_PER_68K;
			if (m68k_cycle_diff < cycle_diff) {
				m68k_cycle_diff += MCLKS_PER_68K;
			}
			context->current_cycle += m68k_cycle_diff;
			//Lock the Z80 out of the bus until the VDP access is complete
			gen->bus_busy = 1;
			sync_z80(gen->z80, v_context->cycles);
			gen->bus_busy = 0;
		}
	} else if (vdp_port < 0x18) {
		psg_write(gen->psg, value);
	} else {
		vdp_test_port_write(gen->vdp, value);
	}
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
	last_sync_cycle -= 4;
	//refresh may have happened while we were waiting on the VDP,
	//so advance refresh_counter but don't add any delays
	if (vdp_port >= 4 && vdp_port < 8 && v_context->cycles != before_cycle) {
		refresh_counter = 0;
	} else {
		refresh_counter += (context->current_cycle - last_sync_cycle);
		refresh_counter = refresh_counter % (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
	}
	last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
#endif
	return context;
}

static m68k_context * vdp_port_write_b(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context, uint8_t value)
{
	return vdp_port_write(vdp_port, context, vdp_port < 0x10 ? value | value << 8 : ((vdp_port & 1) ? value : 0));
}

static void * z80_vdp_port_write(uint32_t vdp_port, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	vdp_port &= 0xFF;
	if (vdp_port & 0xE0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to write to Z80 address %X\n", 0x7F00 | vdp_port);
	}
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		//These probably won't currently interact well with the 68K accessing the VDP
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			vdp_run_context(gen->vdp, context->Z80_CYCLE);
			vdp_data_port_write(gen->vdp, value << 8 | value);
		} else if (vdp_port < 8) {
			vdp_run_context_full(gen->vdp, context->Z80_CYCLE);
			vdp_control_port_write(gen->vdp, value << 8 | value);
		} else {
			fatal_error("Illegal write to HV Counter port %X\n", vdp_port);
		}
	} else if (vdp_port < 0x18) {
		sync_sound(gen, context->Z80_CYCLE);
		psg_write(gen->psg, value);
	} else {
		vdp_test_port_write(gen->vdp, value);
	}
	return context;
}

static uint16_t vdp_port_read(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context)
{
	if (vdp_port & 0x2700E0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to read from address %X\n", 0xC00000 | vdp_port);
	}
	vdp_port &= 0x1F;
	uint16_t value;
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
	//do refresh check here so we can avoid adding a penalty for a refresh that happens during a VDP access
	refresh_counter += context->current_cycle - 4*MCLKS_PER_68K - last_sync_cycle;
	context->current_cycle += REFRESH_DELAY * MCLKS_PER_68K * (refresh_counter / (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL));
	refresh_counter = refresh_counter % (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
	last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
#endif
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	vdp_context * v_context = gen->vdp;
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			sync_components(context, 0);
			uint32_t before_cycle = v_context->cycles;
			value = vdp_data_port_read(v_context);
			if (v_context->cycles != before_cycle) {
				//printf("68K paused for %d (%d) cycles at cycle %d (%d) for read\n", v_context->cycles - context->current_cycle, v_context->cycles - before_cycle, context->current_cycle, before_cycle);
				context->current_cycle = v_context->cycles;
				//Lock the Z80 out of the bus until the VDP access is complete
				genesis_context *gen = context->system;
				gen->bus_busy = 1;
				sync_z80(gen->z80, v_context->cycles);
				gen->bus_busy = 0;
			}
		} else if(vdp_port < 8) {
			vdp_run_context(v_context, context->current_cycle);
			value = vdp_control_port_read(v_context);
		} else {
			vdp_run_context(v_context, context->current_cycle);
			value = vdp_hv_counter_read(v_context);
			//printf("HV Counter: %X at cycle %d\n", value, v_context->cycles);
		}
	} else if (vdp_port < 0x18){
		fatal_error("Illegal read from PSG  port %X\n", vdp_port);
	} else {
		value = get_open_bus_value(&gen->header);
	}
#ifdef REFRESH_EMULATION
	last_sync_cycle -= 4;
	//refresh may have happened while we were waiting on the VDP,
	//so advance refresh_counter but don't add any delays
	refresh_counter += (context->current_cycle - last_sync_cycle);
	refresh_counter = refresh_counter % (MCLKS_PER_68K * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
	last_sync_cycle = context->current_cycle;
#endif
	return value;
}

static uint8_t vdp_port_read_b(uint32_t vdp_port, m68k_context * context)
{
	uint16_t value = vdp_port_read(vdp_port, context);
	if (vdp_port & 1) {
		return value;
	} else {
		return value >> 8;
	}
}

static uint8_t z80_vdp_port_read(uint32_t vdp_port, void * vcontext)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	if (vdp_port & 0xE0) {
		fatal_error("machine freeze due to read from Z80 address %X\n", 0x7F00 | vdp_port);
	}
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	//VDP access goes over the 68K bus like a bank area access
	//typical delay from bus arbitration
	context->Z80_CYCLE += 3 * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
	//TODO: add cycle for an access right after a previous one
	//TODO: Below cycle time is an estimate based on the time between 68K !BG goes low and Z80 !MREQ goes high
	//      Needs a new logic analyzer capture to get the actual delay on the 68K side
	gen->m68k->current_cycle += 8 * MCLKS_PER_68K;


	vdp_port &= 0x1F;
	uint16_t ret;
	if (vdp_port < 0x10) {
		//These probably won't currently interact well with the 68K accessing the VDP
		vdp_run_context(gen->vdp, context->Z80_CYCLE);
		if (vdp_port < 4) {
			ret = vdp_data_port_read(gen->vdp);
		} else if (vdp_port < 8) {
			ret = vdp_control_port_read(gen->vdp);
		} else {
			ret = vdp_hv_counter_read(gen->vdp);
		}
	} else {
		//TODO: Figure out the correct value today
		ret = 0xFFFF;
	}
	return vdp_port & 1 ? ret : ret >> 8;
}

//TODO: Move this inside the system context
static uint32_t zram_counter = 0;

static m68k_context * io_write(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context, uint8_t value)
{
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	if (location < 0x10000) {
		//Access to Z80 memory incurs a one 68K cycle wait state
		context->current_cycle += MCLKS_PER_68K;
		if (!z80_enabled || z80_get_busack(gen->z80, context->current_cycle)) {
			location &= 0x7FFF;
			if (location < 0x4000) {
				gen->zram[location & 0x1FFF] = value;
#ifndef NO_Z80
				z80_handle_code_write(location & 0x1FFF, gen->z80);
#endif
			} else if (location < 0x6000) {
				sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
				if (location & 1) {
					ym_data_write(gen->ym, value);
				} else if(location & 2) {
					ym_address_write_part2(gen->ym, value);
				} else {
					ym_address_write_part1(gen->ym, value);
				}
			} else if (location == 0x6000) {
				gen->z80_bank_reg = (gen->z80_bank_reg >> 1 | value << 8) & 0x1FF;
				if (gen->z80_bank_reg < 0x80) {
					gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = (gen->z80_bank_reg << 15) + ((char *)gen->z80->mem_pointers[2]);
				} else {
					gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = NULL;
				}
			} else {
				fatal_error("68K write to unhandled Z80 address %X\n", location);
			}
		}
	} else {
		if (location < 0x10100) {
			switch(location >> 1 & 0xFF)
			{
			case 0x1:
				io_data_write(gen->io.ports, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x2:
				io_data_write(gen->io.ports+1, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x3:
				io_data_write(gen->io.ports+2, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x4:
				io_control_write(gen->io.ports, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x5:
				io_control_write(gen->io.ports+1, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x6:
				io_control_write(gen->io.ports+2, value, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x7:
				gen->io.ports[0].serial_out = value;
				break;
			case 0x8:
			case 0xB:
			case 0xE:
				//serial input port is not writeable
				break;
			case 0x9:
				gen->io.ports[0].serial_ctrl = value;
				break;
			case 0xA:
				gen->io.ports[1].serial_out = value;
				break;
			case 0xC:
				gen->io.ports[1].serial_ctrl = value;
				break;
			case 0xD:
				gen->io.ports[2].serial_out = value;
				break;
			case 0xF:
				gen->io.ports[2].serial_ctrl = value;
				break;
			}
		} else {
			uint32_t masked = location & 0xFFF00;
			if (masked == 0x11100) {
				if (value & 1) {
					dputs("bus requesting Z80");
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_assert_busreq(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->busack = 1;
					}
				} else {
					if (gen->z80->busreq) {
						dputs("releasing z80 bus");
						#ifdef DO_DEBUG_PRINT
						char fname[20];
						sprintf(fname, "zram-%d", zram_counter++);
						FILE * f = fopen(fname, "wb");
						fwrite(z80_ram, 1, sizeof(z80_ram), f);
						fclose(f);
						#endif
					}
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_clear_busreq(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->busack = 0;
					}
				}
			} else if (masked == 0x11200) {
				sync_z80(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
				if (value & 1) {
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_clear_reset(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->reset = 0;
					}
				} else {
					if (z80_enabled) {
						z80_assert_reset(gen->z80, context->current_cycle);
					} else {
						gen->z80->reset = 1;
					}
					ym_reset(gen->ym);
				}
			} else if (masked != 0x11300 && masked != 0x11000) {
				fatal_error("Machine freeze due to unmapped write to address %X\n", location | 0xA00000);
			}
		}
	}
	return context;
}

static m68k_context * io_write_w(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context, uint16_t value)
{
	if (location < 0x10000 || (location & 0x1FFF) >= 0x100) {
		return io_write(location, context, value >> 8);
	} else {
		return io_write(location, context, value);
	}
}

#define FOREIGN 0x80
#define HZ50 0x40
#define USA FOREIGN
#define JAP 0x00
#define EUR (HZ50|FOREIGN)
#define NO_DISK 0x20

static uint8_t io_read(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context)
{
	uint8_t value;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (location < 0x10000) {
		//Access to Z80 memory incurs a one 68K cycle wait state
		context->current_cycle += MCLKS_PER_68K;
		if (!z80_enabled || z80_get_busack(gen->z80, context->current_cycle)) {
			location &= 0x7FFF;
			if (location < 0x4000) {
				value = gen->zram[location & 0x1FFF];
			} else if (location < 0x6000) {
				sync_sound(gen, context->current_cycle);
				value = ym_read_status(gen->ym, context->current_cycle, location);
			} else if (location < 0x7F00) {
				value = 0xFF;
			} else {
				fatal_error("Machine freeze due to read of Z80 VDP memory window by 68K: %X\n", location | 0xA00000);
				value = 0xFF;
			}
		} else {
			uint16_t word = get_open_bus_value(&gen->header);
			value = location & 1 ? word : word >> 8;
		}
	} else {
		if (location < 0x10100) {
			switch(location >> 1 & 0xFF)
			{
			case 0x0:
				//version bits should be 0 for now since we're not emulating TMSS
				value = gen->version_reg;
				break;
			case 0x1:
				value = io_data_read(gen->io.ports, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x2:
				value = io_data_read(gen->io.ports+1, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x3:
				value = io_data_read(gen->io.ports+2, context->current_cycle);
				break;
			case 0x4:
				value = gen->io.ports[0].control;
				break;
			case 0x5:
				value = gen->io.ports[1].control;
				break;
			case 0x6:
				value = gen->io.ports[2].control;
				break;
			case 0x7:
				value = gen->io.ports[0].serial_out;
				break;
			case 0x8:
				value = gen->io.ports[0].serial_in;
				break;
			case 0x9:
				value = gen->io.ports[0].serial_ctrl;
				break;
			case 0xA:
				value = gen->io.ports[1].serial_out;
				break;
			case 0xB:
				value = gen->io.ports[1].serial_in;
				break;
			case 0xC:
				value = gen->io.ports[1].serial_ctrl;
				break;
			case 0xD:
				value = gen->io.ports[2].serial_out;
				break;
			case 0xE:
				value = gen->io.ports[2].serial_in;
				break;
			case 0xF:
				value = gen->io.ports[2].serial_ctrl;
				break;
			default:
				value = get_open_bus_value(&gen->header) >> 8;
			}
		} else {
			uint32_t masked = location & 0xFFF00;
			if (masked == 0x11100) {
				value = z80_enabled ? !z80_get_busack(gen->z80, context->current_cycle) : !gen->z80->busack;
				value |= (get_open_bus_value(&gen->header) >> 8) & 0xFE;
				dprintf("Byte read of BUSREQ returned %d @ %d (reset: %d)\n", value, context->current_cycle, gen->z80->reset);
			} else if (masked == 0x11200) {
				value = !gen->z80->reset;
			} else if (masked == 0x11300 || masked == 0x11000) {
				//A11300 is apparently completely unused
				//A11000 is the memory control register which I am assuming is write only
				value = get_open_bus_value(&gen->header) >> 8;
			} else {
				location |= 0xA00000;
				fatal_error("Machine freeze due to read of unmapped IO location %X\n", location);
				value = 0xFF;
			}
		}
	}
	return value;
}

static uint16_t io_read_w(uint32_t location, m68k_context * context)
{
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	uint16_t value = io_read(location, context);
	if (location < 0x10000 || (location & 0x1FFF) < 0x100) {
		value = value | (value << 8);
	} else {
		value <<= 8;
		value |= get_open_bus_value(&gen->header) & 0xFF;
	}
	return value;
}

static void * z80_write_ym(uint32_t location, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	sync_sound(gen, context->Z80_CYCLE);
	if (location & 1) {
		ym_data_write(gen->ym, value);
	} else if (location & 2) {
		ym_address_write_part2(gen->ym, value);
	} else {
		ym_address_write_part1(gen->ym, value);
	}
	return context;
}

static uint8_t z80_read_ym(uint32_t location, void * vcontext)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context * gen = context->system;
	sync_sound(gen, context->Z80_CYCLE);
	return ym_read_status(gen->ym, context->Z80_CYCLE, location);
}

static uint8_t z80_read_bank(uint32_t location, void * vcontext)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (gen->bus_busy) {
		context->Z80_CYCLE = gen->m68k->current_cycle;
	}
	//typical delay from bus arbitration
	context->Z80_CYCLE += 3 * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
	//TODO: add cycle for an access right after a previous one
	//TODO: Below cycle time is an estimate based on the time between 68K !BG goes low and Z80 !MREQ goes high
	//      Needs a new logic analyzer capture to get the actual delay on the 68K side
	gen->m68k->current_cycle += 8 * MCLKS_PER_68K;

	location &= 0x7FFF;
	if (context->mem_pointers[1]) {
		return context->mem_pointers[1][location ^ 1];
	}
	uint32_t address = gen->z80_bank_reg << 15 | location;
	if (address >= 0xC00000 && address < 0xE00000) {
		return z80_vdp_port_read(location & 0xFF, context);
	} else if (address >= 0xA10000 && address <= 0xA10001) {
		//Apparently version reg can be read through Z80 banked area
		//TODO: Check rest of IO region addresses
		return gen->version_reg;
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled read by Z80 from address %X through banked memory area (%X)\n", address, gen->z80_bank_reg << 15);
	}
	return 0;
}

static void *z80_write_bank(uint32_t location, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if (gen->bus_busy) {
		context->Z80_CYCLE = gen->m68k->current_cycle;
	}
	//typical delay from bus arbitration
	context->Z80_CYCLE += 3 * MCLKS_PER_Z80;
	//TODO: add cycle for an access right after a previous one
	//TODO: Below cycle time is an estimate based on the time between 68K !BG goes low and Z80 !MREQ goes high
	//      Needs a new logic analyzer capture to get the actual delay on the 68K side
	gen->m68k->current_cycle += 8 * MCLKS_PER_68K;

	location &= 0x7FFF;
	uint32_t address = gen->z80_bank_reg << 15 | location;
	if (address >= 0xE00000) {
		address &= 0xFFFF;
		((uint8_t *)gen->work_ram)[address ^ 1] = value;
	} else if (address >= 0xC00000) {
		z80_vdp_port_write(location & 0xFF, context, value);
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unhandled write by Z80 to address %X through banked memory area\n", address);
	}
	return context;
}

static void *z80_write_bank_reg(uint32_t location, void * vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	z80_context * context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;

	gen->z80_bank_reg = (gen->z80_bank_reg >> 1 | value << 8) & 0x1FF;
	update_z80_bank_pointer(context->system);

	return context;
}

static uint16_t unused_read(uint32_t location, void *vcontext)
{
	m68k_context *context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	if ((location >= 0xA13000 && location < 0xA13100) || (location >= 0xA12000 && location < 0xA12100)) {
		//Only called if the cart/exp doesn't have a more specific handler for this region
		return get_open_bus_value(&gen->header);
	} else if (location == 0xA14000 || location == 0xA14002) {
		if (gen->version_reg & 0xF) {
			return gen->tmss_lock[location >> 1 & 1];
		} else {
			fatal_error("Machine freeze due to read from TMSS lock when TMSS is not present %X\n", location);
			return 0xFFFF;
		}
	} else if (location == 0xA14100) {
		if (gen->version_reg & 0xF) {
			return get_open_bus_value(&gen->header);
		} else {
			fatal_error("Machine freeze due to read from TMSS control when TMSS is not present %X\n", location);
			return 0xFFFF;
		}
	} else {
		fatal_error("Machine freeze due to unmapped read from %X\n", location);
		return 0xFFFF;
	}
}

static uint8_t unused_read_b(uint32_t location, void *vcontext)
{
	uint16_t v = unused_read(location & 0xFFFFFE, vcontext);
	if (location & 1) {
		return v;
	} else {
		return v >> 8;
	}
}

static void *unused_write(uint32_t location, void *vcontext, uint16_t value)
{
	m68k_context *context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	uint8_t has_tmss = gen->version_reg & 0xF;
	if (has_tmss && (location == 0xA14000 || location == 0xA14002)) {
		gen->tmss_lock[location >> 1 & 1] = value;
	} else if (has_tmss && location == 0xA14100) {
		//TODO: implement TMSS control register
	} else if (location < 0xA12000 || location >= 0xA13100 || (location >= 0xA12100 && location < 0xA13000)) {
		fatal_error("Machine freeze due to unmapped write to %X\n", location);
	}
	return vcontext;
}

static void *unused_write_b(uint32_t location, void *vcontext, uint8_t value)
{
	m68k_context *context = vcontext;
	genesis_context *gen = context->system;
	uint8_t has_tmss = gen->version_reg & 0xF;
	if (has_tmss && location >= 0xA14000 && location <= 0xA14003) {
		uint32_t offset = location >> 1 & 1;
		if (location & 1) {
			gen->tmss_lock[offset] &= 0xFF00;
			gen->tmss_lock[offset] |= value;
		} else {
			gen->tmss_lock[offset] &= 0xFF;
			gen->tmss_lock[offset] |= value << 8;
		}
	} else if (has_tmss && (location == 0xA14100 || location == 0xA14101)) {
		//TODO: implement TMSS control register
	} else if (location < 0xA12000 || location >= 0xA13100 || (location >= 0xA12100 && location < 0xA13000)) {
		fatal_error("Machine freeze due to unmapped byte write to %X\n", location);
	}
	return vcontext;
}

static void set_speed_percent(system_header * system, uint32_t percent)
{
	genesis_context *context = (genesis_context *)system;
	uint32_t old_clock = context->master_clock;
	context->master_clock = ((uint64_t)context->normal_clock * (uint64_t)percent) / 100;
	while (context->ym->current_cycle != context->psg->cycles) {
		sync_sound(context, context->psg->cycles + MCLKS_PER_PSG);
	}
	ym_adjust_master_clock(context->ym, context->master_clock);
	psg_adjust_master_clock(context->psg, context->master_clock);
}

void set_region(genesis_context *gen, rom_info *info, uint8_t region)
{
	if (!region) {
		char * def_region = tern_find_path_default(config, "system\0default_region\0", (tern_val){.ptrval = "U"}, TVAL_PTR).ptrval;
		if (!info->regions || (info->regions & translate_region_char(toupper(*def_region)))) {
			region = translate_region_char(toupper(*def_region));
		} else {
			region = info->regions;
		}
	}
	if (region & REGION_E) {
		gen->version_reg = NO_DISK | EUR;
	} else if (region & REGION_J) {
		gen->version_reg = NO_DISK | JAP;
	} else {
		gen->version_reg = NO_DISK | USA;
	}
	
	if (region & HZ50) {
		gen->normal_clock = MCLKS_PAL;
		gen->soft_flush_cycles = MCLKS_LINE * 262 / 3 + 2;
	} else {
		gen->normal_clock = MCLKS_NTSC;
		gen->soft_flush_cycles = MCLKS_LINE * 313 / 3 + 2;
	}
	gen->master_clock = gen->normal_clock;
}

static uint8_t load_state(system_header *system, uint8_t slot)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	char *statepath = get_slot_name(system, slot, "state");
	deserialize_buffer state;
	uint32_t pc = 0;
	uint8_t ret;
	if (!gen->m68k->resume_pc) {
		system->delayed_load_slot = slot + 1;
		gen->m68k->should_return = 1;
		ret = get_modification_time(statepath) != 0;
		if (!ret) {
			strcpy(statepath + strlen(statepath)-strlen("state"), "gst");
			ret = get_modification_time(statepath) != 0;
		}
		goto done;
	}
	if (load_from_file(&state, statepath)) {
		genesis_deserialize(&state, gen);
		free(state.data);
		//HACK
		pc = gen->m68k->last_prefetch_address;
		ret = 1;
	} else {
		strcpy(statepath + strlen(statepath)-strlen("state"), "gst");
		pc = load_gst(gen, statepath);
		ret = pc != 0;
	}
	if (ret) {
		gen->m68k->resume_pc = get_native_address_trans(gen->m68k, pc);
	}
done:
	free(statepath);
	return ret;
}

static void handle_reset_requests(genesis_context *gen)
{
	while (gen->reset_requested || gen->header.delayed_load_slot)
	{
		if (gen->reset_requested) {
			gen->reset_requested = 0;
			gen->m68k->should_return = 0;
			z80_assert_reset(gen->z80, gen->m68k->current_cycle);
			z80_clear_busreq(gen->z80, gen->m68k->current_cycle);
			ym_reset(gen->ym);
			//Is there any sort of VDP reset?
			m68k_reset(gen->m68k);
		}
		if (gen->header.delayed_load_slot) {
			load_state(&gen->header, gen->header.delayed_load_slot - 1);
			gen->header.delayed_load_slot = 0;
			resume_68k(gen->m68k);
		}
	}
	if (render_should_release_on_exit()) {
		bindings_release_capture();
		vdp_release_framebuffer(gen->vdp);
		render_pause_source(gen->ym->audio);
		render_pause_source(gen->psg->audio);
	}
}

static void start_genesis(system_header *system, char *statefile)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	if (statefile) {
		//first try loading as a native format savestate
		deserialize_buffer state;
		uint32_t pc;
		if (load_from_file(&state, statefile)) {
			genesis_deserialize(&state, gen);
			free(state.data);
			//HACK
			pc = gen->m68k->last_prefetch_address;
		} else {
			pc = load_gst(gen, statefile);
			if (!pc) {
				fatal_error("Failed to load save state %s\n", statefile);
			}
		}
		printf("Loaded %s\n", statefile);
		if (gen->header.enter_debugger) {
			gen->header.enter_debugger = 0;
			insert_breakpoint(gen->m68k, pc, gen->header.debugger_type == DEBUGGER_NATIVE ? debugger : gdb_debug_enter);
		}
		adjust_int_cycle(gen->m68k, gen->vdp);
		start_68k_context(gen->m68k, pc);
	} else {
		if (gen->header.enter_debugger) {
			gen->header.enter_debugger = 0;
			uint32_t address = gen->cart[2] << 16 | gen->cart[3];
			insert_breakpoint(gen->m68k, address, gen->header.debugger_type == DEBUGGER_NATIVE ? debugger : gdb_debug_enter);
		}
		m68k_reset(gen->m68k);
	}
	handle_reset_requests(gen);
	return;
}

static void resume_genesis(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	if (render_should_release_on_exit()) {
		render_set_video_standard((gen->version_reg & HZ50) ? VID_PAL : VID_NTSC);
		bindings_reacquire_capture();
		vdp_reacquire_framebuffer(gen->vdp);
		render_resume_source(gen->ym->audio);
		render_resume_source(gen->psg->audio);
	}
	resume_68k(gen->m68k);
	handle_reset_requests(gen);
}

static void inc_debug_mode(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	vdp_inc_debug_mode(gen->vdp);
}

static void request_exit(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	gen->m68k->target_cycle = gen->m68k->current_cycle;
	gen->m68k->should_return = 1;
}

static void persist_save(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	if (gen->save_type == SAVE_NONE) {
		return;
	}
	FILE * f = fopen(save_filename, "wb");
	if (!f) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s file %s for writing\n", save_type_name(gen->save_type), save_filename);
		return;
	}
	if (gen->save_type == RAM_FLAG_BOTH) {
		byteswap_rom(gen->save_size, (uint16_t *)gen->save_storage);
	}
	fwrite(gen->save_storage, 1, gen->save_size, f);
	if (gen->save_type == RAM_FLAG_BOTH) {
		byteswap_rom(gen->save_size, (uint16_t *)gen->save_storage);
	}
	fclose(f);
	printf("Saved %s to %s\n", save_type_name(gen->save_type), save_filename);
}

static void load_save(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	FILE * f = fopen(save_filename, "rb");
	if (f) {
		uint32_t read = fread(gen->save_storage, 1, gen->save_size, f);
		fclose(f);
		if (read > 0) {
			if (gen->save_type == RAM_FLAG_BOTH) {
				byteswap_rom(gen->save_size, (uint16_t *)gen->save_storage);
			}
			printf("Loaded %s from %s\n", save_type_name(gen->save_type), save_filename);
		}
	}
}

static void soft_reset(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	if (gen->reset_cycle == CYCLE_NEVER) {
		double random = (double)rand()/(double)RAND_MAX;
		gen->reset_cycle = gen->m68k->current_cycle + random * MCLKS_LINE * (gen->version_reg & HZ50 ? LINES_PAL : LINES_NTSC);
		if (gen->reset_cycle < gen->m68k->target_cycle) {
			gen->m68k->target_cycle = gen->reset_cycle;
		}
	}
}

static void free_genesis(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	vdp_free(gen->vdp);
	memmap_chunk *map = (memmap_chunk *)gen->m68k->options->gen.memmap;
	m68k_options_free(gen->m68k->options);
	free(gen->cart);
	free(gen->m68k);
	free(gen->work_ram);
	z80_options_free(gen->z80->Z80_OPTS);
	free(gen->z80);
	free(gen->zram);
	ym_free(gen->ym);
	psg_free(gen->psg);
	free(gen->header.save_dir);
	free_rom_info(&gen->header.info);
	free(gen->lock_on);
	free(gen);
}

static void gamepad_down(system_header *system, uint8_t gamepad_num, uint8_t button)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_gamepad_down(&gen->io, gamepad_num, button);
	if (gen->mapper_type == MAPPER_JCART) {
		jcart_gamepad_down(gen, gamepad_num, button);
	}
}

static void gamepad_up(system_header *system, uint8_t gamepad_num, uint8_t button)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_gamepad_up(&gen->io, gamepad_num, button);
	if (gen->mapper_type == MAPPER_JCART) {
		jcart_gamepad_up(gen, gamepad_num, button);
	}
}

static void mouse_down(system_header *system, uint8_t mouse_num, uint8_t button)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_mouse_down(&gen->io, mouse_num, button);
}

static void mouse_up(system_header *system, uint8_t mouse_num, uint8_t button)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_mouse_up(&gen->io, mouse_num, button);
}

static void mouse_motion_absolute(system_header *system, uint8_t mouse_num, uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_mouse_motion_absolute(&gen->io, mouse_num, x, y);
}

static void mouse_motion_relative(system_header *system, uint8_t mouse_num, int32_t x, int32_t y)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_mouse_motion_relative(&gen->io, mouse_num, x, y);
}

static void keyboard_down(system_header *system, uint8_t scancode)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_keyboard_down(&gen->io, scancode);
}

static void keyboard_up(system_header *system, uint8_t scancode)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	io_keyboard_up(&gen->io, scancode);
}

static void set_audio_config(genesis_context *gen)
{
	char *config_gain;
	config_gain = tern_find_path(config, "audio\0psg_gain\0", TVAL_PTR).ptrval;
	render_audio_source_gaindb(gen->psg->audio, config_gain ? atof(config_gain) : 0.0f);
	config_gain = tern_find_path(config, "audio\0fm_gain\0", TVAL_PTR).ptrval;
	render_audio_source_gaindb(gen->ym->audio, config_gain ? atof(config_gain) : 0.0f);
	
	char *config_dac = tern_find_path_default(config, "audio\0fm_dac\0", (tern_val){.ptrval="zero_offset"}, TVAL_PTR).ptrval;
	ym_enable_zero_offset(gen->ym, !strcmp(config_dac, "zero_offset"));
}

static void config_updated(system_header *system)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	setup_io_devices(config, &system->info, &gen->io);
	set_audio_config(gen);
}

static void start_vgm_log(system_header *system, char *filename)
{
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	vgm_writer *vgm = vgm_write_open(filename, gen->version_reg & HZ50 ? 50 : 60, gen->master_clock, gen->m68k->current_cycle);
	if (vgm) {
		printf("Started logging VGM to %s\n", filename);
		sync_sound(gen, vgm->last_cycle);
		ym_vgm_log(gen->ym, gen->master_clock, vgm);
		psg_vgm_log(gen->psg, gen->master_clock, vgm);
		gen->header.vgm_logging = 1;
	} else {
		printf("Failed to start logging to %s\n", filename);
	}
}

static void stop_vgm_log(system_header *system)
{
	puts("Stopped VGM log");
	genesis_context *gen = (genesis_context *)system;
	vgm_close(gen->ym->vgm);
	gen->ym->vgm = gen->psg->vgm = NULL;
	gen->header.vgm_logging = 0;
}

genesis_context *alloc_init_genesis(rom_info *rom, void *main_rom, void *lock_on, uint32_t system_opts, uint8_t force_region)
{
	static memmap_chunk z80_map[] = {
		{ 0x0000, 0x4000,  0x1FFF, 0, 0, MMAP_READ | MMAP_WRITE | MMAP_CODE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,              NULL },
		{ 0x8000, 0x10000, 0x7FFF, 0, 0, 0,                                  NULL, NULL, NULL, z80_read_bank,     z80_write_bank},
		{ 0x4000, 0x6000,  0x0003, 0, 0, 0,                                  NULL, NULL, NULL, z80_read_ym,       z80_write_ym},
		{ 0x6000, 0x6100,  0xFFFF, 0, 0, 0,                                  NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,              z80_write_bank_reg},
		{ 0x7F00, 0x8000,  0x00FF, 0, 0, 0,                                  NULL, NULL, NULL, z80_vdp_port_read, z80_vdp_port_write}
	};
	genesis_context *gen = calloc(1, sizeof(genesis_context));
	gen->header.set_speed_percent = set_speed_percent;
	gen->header.start_context = start_genesis;
	gen->header.resume_context = resume_genesis;
	gen->header.load_save = load_save;
	gen->header.persist_save = persist_save;
	gen->header.load_state = load_state;
	gen->header.soft_reset = soft_reset;
	gen->header.free_context = free_genesis;
	gen->header.get_open_bus_value = get_open_bus_value;
	gen->header.request_exit = request_exit;
	gen->header.inc_debug_mode = inc_debug_mode;
	gen->header.gamepad_down = gamepad_down;
	gen->header.gamepad_up = gamepad_up;
	gen->header.mouse_down = mouse_down;
	gen->header.mouse_up = mouse_up;
	gen->header.mouse_motion_absolute = mouse_motion_absolute;
	gen->header.mouse_motion_relative = mouse_motion_relative;
	gen->header.keyboard_down = keyboard_down;
	gen->header.keyboard_up = keyboard_up;
	gen->header.config_updated = config_updated;
	gen->header.serialize = serialize;
	gen->header.deserialize = deserialize;
	gen->header.start_vgm_log = start_vgm_log;
	gen->header.stop_vgm_log = stop_vgm_log;
	gen->header.type = SYSTEM_GENESIS;
	gen->header.info = *rom;
	set_region(gen, rom, force_region);
	tern_node *model = get_model(config, SYSTEM_GENESIS);
	uint8_t tmss = !strcmp(tern_find_ptr_default(model, "tmss", "off"), "on");
	if (tmss) {
		gen->version_reg |= 1;
	}

	uint8_t max_vsram = !strcmp(tern_find_ptr_default(model, "vsram", "40"), "64");
	gen->vdp = init_vdp_context(gen->version_reg & 0x40, max_vsram);
	gen->vdp->system = &gen->header;
	gen->frame_end = vdp_cycles_to_frame_end(gen->vdp);
	char * config_cycles = tern_find_path(config, "clocks\0max_cycles\0", TVAL_PTR).ptrval;
	gen->max_cycles = config_cycles ? atoi(config_cycles) : DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL;
	gen->int_latency_prev1 = MCLKS_PER_68K * 32;
	gen->int_latency_prev2 = MCLKS_PER_68K * 16;
	
	render_set_video_standard((gen->version_reg & HZ50) ? VID_PAL : VID_NTSC);
	event_system_start(SYSTEM_GENESIS, (gen->version_reg & HZ50) ? VID_PAL : VID_NTSC, rom->name);
	
	gen->ym = malloc(sizeof(ym2612_context));
	char *fm = tern_find_ptr_default(model, "fm", "discrete 2612");
	if (!strcmp(fm + strlen(fm) -4, "3834")) {
		system_opts |= YM_OPT_3834;
	}
	ym_init(gen->ym, gen->master_clock, MCLKS_PER_YM, system_opts);

	gen->psg = malloc(sizeof(psg_context));
	psg_init(gen->psg, gen->master_clock, MCLKS_PER_PSG);
	
	set_audio_config(gen);

	z80_map[0].buffer = gen->zram = calloc(1, Z80_RAM_BYTES);
#ifndef NO_Z80
	z80_options *z_opts = malloc(sizeof(z80_options));
	init_z80_opts(z_opts, z80_map, 5, NULL, 0, MCLKS_PER_Z80, 0xFFFF);
	gen->z80 = init_z80_context(z_opts);
#ifndef NEW_CORE
	gen->z80->next_int_pulse = z80_next_int_pulse;
#endif
	z80_assert_reset(gen->z80, 0);
#else
	gen->z80 = calloc(1, sizeof(z80_context));
#endif

	gen->z80->system = gen;
	gen->z80->mem_pointers[0] = gen->zram;
	gen->z80->mem_pointers[1] = gen->z80->mem_pointers[2] = (uint8_t *)main_rom;

	gen->cart = main_rom;
	gen->lock_on = lock_on;
	gen->work_ram = calloc(2, RAM_WORDS);
	if (!strcmp("random", tern_find_path_default(config, "system\0ram_init\0", (tern_val){.ptrval = "zero"}, TVAL_PTR).ptrval))
	{
		srand(time(NULL));
		for (int i = 0; i < RAM_WORDS; i++)
		{
			gen->work_ram[i] = rand();
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < Z80_RAM_BYTES; i++)
		{
			gen->zram[i] = rand();
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < VRAM_SIZE; i++)
		{
			gen->vdp->vdpmem[i] = rand();
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < SAT_CACHE_SIZE; i++)
		{
			gen->vdp->sat_cache[i] = rand();
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < CRAM_SIZE; i++)
		{
			write_cram_internal(gen->vdp, i, rand());
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < gen->vdp->vsram_size; i++)
		{
			gen->vdp->vsram[i] = rand();
		}
	}
	setup_io_devices(config, rom, &gen->io);
	gen->header.has_keyboard = io_has_keyboard(&gen->io);

	gen->mapper_type = rom->mapper_type;
	gen->save_type = rom->save_type;
	if (gen->save_type != SAVE_NONE) {
		gen->save_ram_mask = rom->save_mask;
		gen->save_size = rom->save_size;
		gen->save_storage = rom->save_buffer;
		gen->eeprom_map = rom->eeprom_map;
		gen->num_eeprom = rom->num_eeprom;
		if (gen->save_type == SAVE_I2C) {
			eeprom_init(&gen->eeprom, gen->save_storage, gen->save_size);
		} else if (gen->save_type == SAVE_NOR) {
			memcpy(&gen->nor, rom->nor, sizeof(gen->nor));
			//nor_flash_init(&gen->nor, gen->save_storage, gen->save_size, rom->save_page_size, rom->save_product_id, rom->save_bus);
		}
	} else {
		gen->save_storage = NULL;
	}
	
	//This must happen before we generate memory access functions in init_m68k_opts
	for (int i = 0; i < rom->map_chunks; i++)
	{
		if (rom->map[i].start == 0xE00000) {
			rom->map[i].buffer = gen->work_ram;
			break;
		}
	}

	m68k_options *opts = malloc(sizeof(m68k_options));
	init_m68k_opts(opts, rom->map, rom->map_chunks, MCLKS_PER_68K);
	if (!strcmp(tern_find_ptr_default(model, "tas", "broken"), "broken")) {
		opts->gen.flags |= M68K_OPT_BROKEN_READ_MODIFY;
	}
	gen->m68k = init_68k_context(opts, NULL);
	gen->m68k->system = gen;
	opts->address_log = (system_opts & OPT_ADDRESS_LOG) ? fopen("address.log", "w") : NULL;
	
	//This must happen after the 68K context has been allocated
	for (int i = 0; i < rom->map_chunks; i++)
	{
		if (rom->map[i].flags & MMAP_PTR_IDX) {
			gen->m68k->mem_pointers[rom->map[i].ptr_index] = rom->map[i].buffer;
		}
	}
	
	if (gen->mapper_type == MAPPER_SEGA) {
		//initialize bank registers
		for (int i = 1; i < sizeof(gen->bank_regs); i++)
		{
			gen->bank_regs[i] = i;
		}
	}
	gen->reset_cycle = CYCLE_NEVER;

	return gen;
}

genesis_context *alloc_config_genesis(void *rom, uint32_t rom_size, void *lock_on, uint32_t lock_on_size, uint32_t ym_opts, uint8_t force_region)
{
	static memmap_chunk base_map[] = {
		{0xE00000, 0x1000000, 0xFFFF,   0, 0, MMAP_READ | MMAP_WRITE | MMAP_CODE, NULL,
		           NULL,          NULL,         NULL,            NULL},
		{0xC00000, 0xE00000,  0x1FFFFF, 0, 0, 0,                                  NULL,
		           (read_16_fun)vdp_port_read,  (write_16_fun)vdp_port_write,
		           (read_8_fun)vdp_port_read_b, (write_8_fun)vdp_port_write_b},
		{0xA00000, 0xA12000,  0x1FFFF,  0, 0, 0,                                  NULL,
		           (read_16_fun)io_read_w,      (write_16_fun)io_write_w,
		           (read_8_fun)io_read,         (write_8_fun)io_write},
		{0x000000, 0xFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFF, 0, 0, 0,                                   NULL,
		           (read_16_fun)unused_read,    (write_16_fun)unused_write,
		           (read_8_fun)unused_read_b,   (write_8_fun)unused_write_b}
	};
	static tern_node *rom_db;
	if (!rom_db) {
		rom_db = load_rom_db();
	}
	rom_info info = configure_rom(rom_db, rom, rom_size, lock_on, lock_on_size, base_map, sizeof(base_map)/sizeof(base_map[0]));
	rom = info.rom;
	rom_size = info.rom_size;
#ifndef BLASTEM_BIG_ENDIAN
	byteswap_rom(rom_size, rom);
	if (lock_on) {
		byteswap_rom(lock_on_size, lock_on);
	}
#endif
	char *m68k_divider = tern_find_path(config, "clocks\0m68k_divider\0", TVAL_PTR).ptrval;
	if (!m68k_divider) {
		m68k_divider = "7";
	}
	MCLKS_PER_68K = atoi(m68k_divider);
	if (!MCLKS_PER_68K) {
		MCLKS_PER_68K = 7;
	}
	return alloc_init_genesis(&info, rom, lock_on, ym_opts, force_region);
}